Magnesium ranks eighth in order of abundance in the earth's crust and occurs sparsely in sea water and in larger quantities in a wide variety of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks. The presently important commercial sources of magnesium metal and magnesium compounds are sea water and seawater bitterns, dolomite, magnesite, brucite^ and inland brines. Brines are only briefly mentioned in this report. Magnesium and its compounds are used widely in the aircraft, automotive, metallurgical, building, pharmaceutical, agricultural, glass, rubber, paper, textile, and paint industries. Magnesium is extracted from sea water or seawater bitterns by the process used by the Dow Chemical Co. at their magnesium plant at Freeport, Tex., or by some variation of the Dow process. In this process lime is used to precipitate magnesium hydroxide from the water; the precipitate is dissolved in hydrochloric acid and magnesium chloride is produced; the magnesium chloride is decomposed in an electrolytic cell into magnesium and chlorine. It is now common practice to substitute dolomite for lime. The dolomite furnishes the necessary lime and additional magnesium to the reaction. Magnesite, or magnesium carbonate, occurs in commercial quantities in the United States principally as a replacement in dolomite. Its chief use is as a refractory material in the metallurgical industries; it is used to a lesser extent in the fertilizer, rubber, textile, and paper industries; During World War II magnesite was used as a commercial source of magnesium metal. In the past magnesite has been mined in California, Washington, Nevada, and Texas; at present the only commercial domestic production is from Nye County, Nev., and Stevens County, Wash. Magnesite occurs also in New Mexico, Idaho, Oregon, Utah, Pennsylvania, and Vermont. The occurrence of magnesite in each of these States is discussed briefly. Brucite occurs in commercial quantities only at Gabbs, Nye County, Nev. Dolomite, the double carbonate of magnesium and calcium, occurs chiefly as a sedimentary rock, commonly interbedded with limestone. The term "high-grade," as used in the present report, refers to dolomite rock containing more than 40 percent magnesium carbonate and less than about 3 percent noncarbonates. The largest single use of dolomite, where the chemical composition of the rock is important, is as a refractory material. It may be used in either its natural state or calcined. During World War II, and to some extent during the postwar years, dolomite has been used as an ore of magnesium metal.