Devulcanization of styrene butadiene rubber by microwave energy: Effect of the presence of ionic liquid

Seghar, Saïd; Hocine, Nourredine Aït; Mittal, Vikas; Azem, Saïd; Al-Zohbi, Fatima; Schmaltz, Bruno; Poirot, Nathalie

doi:10.3144/expresspolymlett.2015.97

Cited by 55 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…So, the process is considered an eco‐friendly technology in present times . Literature provides a plethora of works dealing with devulcanization by microwaves of different kinds of elastomers like styrene‐butadiene rubber (SBR), ethylene‐propylene diene monomer rubber (EPDM), natural rubber (NR), butyl rubber (IIR) and ground tire rubber (GTR) . All of them proved that devulcanization by microwaves is an effective technique, able to break the crosslinkings and to provide the capability of rubber to flow again.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of reversion in compounds containing recycled natural rubber: In search of sustainable processing

Sousa

Zanchet

Scuracchio

2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The influence of rubber devulcanization by microwaves in the reversion behavior is still modestly explored in the literature. The reversion occurs due to thermal degradation of unstable crosslinkings formed during the vulcanization process. This phenomenon results in poor final mechanical properties of the artifacts. In this work, some formulations based on natural rubber (NR) with the incorporation of NR devulcanized by microwaves at different exposure times to the microwaves were vulcanized by compression molding at the same temperature and time used for the study of their vulcanization characteristics, in order to correlate the properties obtained and understand the influence of the reversion on the mechanical properties. The results showed that levels of devulcanization/degradation of the recycled phase, as well as the additional heating time influenced on the behavior of reversion and, consequently, on the mechanical properties. the influence of density and crosslinking type in the mechanical properties of rubber has been studied by various authors, 4,6,7 since the stress-strain measurement is an indirect method for determining the crosslinking density. 5Currently, a big global problem is related to disposal of solid urban residues, and materials able to make this problem much worse are the vulcanized/cured elastomers. In the same way, the search for processes and/or sustainable materials is of great value, and it is directly related to the solution of this problem, since the use of recycled materials can reduce such problem. In addition, recycling not only protects the environment, but also saves the limited petroleum resources from which the raw material originates, 8 also being a source of income for many families around the world. The recycling method used in this work is the devulcanization by microwaves.Devulcanization is a way of providing energy to destroy, total or partially, the three-dimensional network formed during vulcanization. 9 Devulcanization by microwaves is a well-established recycling technique of vulcanized elastomers. Among its

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of reversion in compounds containing recycled natural rubber: In search of sustainable processing

Sousa

Zanchet

Scuracchio

2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…devulcanization/polymerization) of the GTR particles [3]. Nowadays, the preferred method for that is microwave devulcanization [4][5][6][7]. Another product that can be made from used tires is pyrolytic carbon black (pCB), which has been attracting more and more interest lately.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and properties of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) with pyrolytic and industrial carbon black

2017

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To evaluate the performance of pyrolytic carbon black (pCB), we filled styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) with pCB and N330 industrial carbon black (CB). We used two ratios of pCB and N330: 1/9 and 1/1. N330 was selected because its specific surface area was close to that of pCB. The overall CB content in the mixes was 0, 30, 45 and 60 part per hundred rubber (phr). We studied the effects of types and amounts of CB on the dispersion, cure behavior, dynamic mechanical thermal behavior, tensile mechanical and fracture mechanical properties of the filled rubbers. Dispersion of pCB was poorer than that of N330 CB. With respect to tensile mechanical properties -except tear strength -N330 outperformed pCB. The tear strength and fracture mechanics characteristics (J-integral at crack tip opening, and trouser tear strength) of SBR were higher with pCB than with N330. This can be attributed to the broader dispersion of pCB than N330. The combined use of N330 and pCB resulted in intermediate values reflecting the actual N330/pCB ratio for all measured parameters. We wanted to correlate the mechanical performance with the apparent molecular weight between crosslinks (Mc), and found reasonable correlations for the Payne effect, tensile strength and critical J-integral. On the other hand, we only found a tendency for tear characteristics; this was ascribed to additional effects of (p)CB dispersion.2

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“…It has been recognized, however, that the latter applications require -at least -partial devulcanization [2]. Promising approaches of industrial scale for devulcanization/reclaiming are related with ultrasonic [5] and microwave techniques [6][7]. Pyrolysis of waste tires is considered nowadays as an economic option [1,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Properties of Styrene-Butadiene Rubbers (SBR) Containing Pyrolytic Carbon Black, Conventional Carbon Black, and Organoclay

Berki

Karger‐Kocsis

2016

Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part B

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To evaluate the reinforcing potential of pyrolytic carbon black styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) was filled with pelletized pyrolytic carbon black (pCBp), N660 industrial CB, their blend in a 1/1 ratio, and the latter also in the absence and presence of additional organoclay (OC). The Shore A hardness of the filled SBR gums was 65±2 o . Effects of the compositions on the filler dispersion, cure behavior, dynamic mechanical thermal parameters (including the Payne effect), tensile mechanical (including the Mullins effect) and fracture mechanical (making use of the Jintegral concept) properties were studied and discussed. Though pCBp had a higher specific surface weight than CB, the latter proved to be a more active filler with respect to the tensile strength. The opposite tendency was found for the tear strength and fracture mechanics characteristics (J-integral at crack tip opening, tearing modulus and trouser tear strength). This was traced to an enlargement in the crack tip damage zone supported by the dispersion characteristics of the pCBp. The performance of pCBp was similar to that of CB with respect to some other properties. OC supported the filler networking which positively affected the resistance to crack initiation.

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Devulcanization of styrene butadiene rubber by microwave energy: Effect of the presence of ionic liquid

Cited by 55 publications

References 23 publications

Influence of reversion in compounds containing recycled natural rubber: In search of sustainable processing

Influence of reversion in compounds containing recycled natural rubber: In search of sustainable processing

Structure and properties of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) with pyrolytic and industrial carbon black

Comparative Properties of Styrene-Butadiene Rubbers (SBR) Containing Pyrolytic Carbon Black, Conventional Carbon Black, and Organoclay

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