Diabetes and Obesity—Cumulative or Complementary Effects On Adipokines, Inflammation, and Insulin Resistance

Abstract

Background: Diabetes and obesity are increasingly significant public health issues. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between adipocytokines (leptin, ghrelin, and chemerin), inflammation (sVCAM1—soluble vascular adhesion molecule 1, sICAM1—soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1), and insulin resistance in the presence of obesity and diabetes mellitus. Methods: 88 subjects, with a mean age of 61.96 ± 10.15 years, 75% of whom were women, were evaluated (in order to consider different associations between obesity and diabetes, subjects were categorized into four groups). Results: Overall, we found significant correlations between sICAM1-sVCAM1 rho = 0.426 and ghrelin-chemerin rho = −0.224. In the obesity + diabetes group, leptin correlated with sICAM1 rho = 0.786, and sVCAM1 negatively with glycemia/insulin rho = −0.85. Significant differences were found between the groups regarding sVCAM1 (p = 0.0134), leptin (p = 0.0265) and all insulin resistance scores, with differences influenced by the subjects’ gender. In conclusion, although there are currently many unknown aspects of the release and the role of various adipokines, in particular chemerin, its implication in early glucose metabolism dysregulation disorders seems very likely.

New Insights on the Relationship between Leptin, Ghrelin, and Leptin/Ghrelin Ratio Enforced by Body Mass Index in Obesity and Diabetes

“…Different mechanisms are responsible, including the fact that chronic high leptin level leads to leptin insensitivity [ 57 ]. Our results are in line with previous ones [ 11 , 17 , 18 , 22 , 28 , 55 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 ], showing higher levels in obese or diabetic patients and a positive correlation with body mass index (as reported in [ 15 , 28 ]).…”

Study of Omentin-1 and Chemerin as Predictors of Coronary Artery Disease in Elderly Patients, with Retrospective Studying of their Relation to Diabetes Mellitus Type 2

“…Our study revealed significant positive correlation between chemerin level and hsCRP while there was significant negative correlation between omentin-1 and both chemerin and hsCRP in CAD with and without type 2 diabetic patients. Similar findings were reported previously in metabolic syndrome (11,13,33,34) .…”

“…It suggests that adipocytokines are involved in the inflammatory response, which directly promotes the occurrence of CAD. Adipose tissue secretes many adipokines including adiponectin, chemerin, omentin-1, leptin, resistin, retinol binding protein 4, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) (3,(11)(12)(13) .…”

“…Omentin-1 may be protective and proinflammatory cytokines. Additionally, omentin-1 may be related to lipid metabolism (6,11,13) . But Shazia et al (28) said "ACS has no association with LDL-C and T Chol levels".…”

Chemerin Promotes Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase / Extracellular Regulated Protein Kinases Activation to Induce Inflammatory Factor Production in Rat Synoviocytes

“…10 In adipose tissues, chemerin is widely distributed and displays endocrine activity, with signi cant correlation in metabolic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. [11][12][13] Chemerin levels in synovial uid have been found to correlate with OA severity using the Kellgren-Lawrence grade as a criterion. 14 Furthermore, ChemR23 is expressed in articular synoviocytes, 15 and its expression is associated with the production of a variety of in ammatory mediators that are released in synovial lesions in OA and affect articular cartilage.…”