Diabetes and periodontal disease

Casanova, Leticia; Hughes, Francis J.; Preshaw, Philip M.

doi:10.1038/bdjteam.2015.7

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Considering the gingival lesion with a tendency for bleeding and the presence of interdental bone loss, chronic periodontitis exacerbated by an underlying systemic condition such as diabetes mellitus could be considered as a diagnosis in this case ( 2 ). The other commonly associated systemic conditions are vitamin C deficiency ( 3 ) and hormonal dysfunction (estrogen and progesterone) ( 4 ), which can lead to a friable and inflamed gingiva.…”

Section: Case Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unusual localized gingival redness: a case report

Kumar,

Sujir,

Saha

et al. 2023

Front. Oral. Health

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Inflammation of the gingiva is one of the most common and routine findings in dental practice. These routine appearances of inflammatory gingivae can show peculiarity when associated with an underlying systemic condition or because of reactive, benign, or malignant pathologies. This case highlights minute clinical signs of the gingiva that deviate from the routine presentation and warrant further investigations. A 63-year-old woman presented with a chief complaint of severe pain in relation to the lower front teeth region for 1 month. Intraoral examination revealed a gingival lesion on the labial aspect of 41, 42, and 43, and an intraoral periapical radiograph showed mild bone loss. The lesion persisted despite oral prophylaxis, and a biopsy was advised. The final diagnosis was stage 1 gingival squamous cell carcinoma (GSCC). It is important to note that the non-descript presentation of GSCC in early stages often mimics benign traumatic or inflammatory lesions of the gingiva. Peculiar clinical features of GSCC of note include the lack of traditionally associated risk factors and localized red or ulcerative lesions with increased bleeding tendencies that do not respond to routine periodontal treatment within 2 weeks.

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Section: Case Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unusual localized gingival redness: a case report

Kumar,

Sujir,

Saha

et al. 2023

Front. Oral. Health

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“…This can be localized to a single tooth or involve virtually the entire dentition. The etiology of PD is due to a number of identified periodontopathic organisms found beneath the gingival tissue (27)(28)(29)43) combined with unidentified or identified host susceptibility factors such as diabetes (44)(45).…”

Section: Induced Periodontal Disease As a Model For Bone And Soft Tissue Regenerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prolyl-hydroxylase inhibitor-induced regeneration of alveolar bone and soft tissue in a mouse model of ligature-induced periodontitis

Zebrowitz

Kajikawa

Bedelbaeva

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Bone injuries and fractures reliably heal through a process of regeneration with restoration to original structure and function when the gap between adjacent sides of a fracture site is small. However, when there is significant volumetric loss of bone, bone regeneration usually does not occur.In the present studies, we explore a particular case of volumetric bone loss in a mouse model of human periodontal disease (PD) in which alveolar bone surrounding teeth is permanently lost and not replaced. This model employs the placement a ligature around the upper second molar which leads to inflammation and bone breakdown and faithfully replicates the bacterially-induced inflammatory etiology of human PD to induce bone degeneration. After 10 days, the ligature is removed and the mice are treated with a timed-release formulation of a small molecule inhibitor of prolylhydroxylases (PHDi; 1,4-DPCA) previously shown to induce epimorphic regeneration of soft tissue in non-regenerating mice. This PHDi induces high expression of HIF-1α and the regenerative response is completely blocked by siHIF1a. Here, we observe that timed-release 1,4-DPCA rapidly and completely restores bone and soft tissue with normal anatomic fidelity and with increased stem cell markers due to stem cell migration into the site and/or de-differentiation of local tissue, PDL cell proliferation, and increased vascularization. In-vitro studies using gingival tissue show that 1,4-DPCA indeed induces de-differentiation and the expression of stem cell markers but does not exclude the role of migrating stem cells.

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“…[ 18 ] Various risk factors hold the accountability of such kind of disorder which even includes diabetes mellitus, smoking, and some sorts of medications like genetic factors, oral contraceptives, vitamin D deficiency, and genetic factors. [ 19 20 ] So many studies recommend that vitamin D levels be evaluated prior to treatment to prevent vitamin D deficiency and improve post-surgery outcomes. [ 21 ] For periodontal pathoses diagnosis, numerous oral biomarkers like saliva, blood, or gingival crevicular fluid form a diagnostic tool.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of vitamin D levels using a chairside diagnostic test kit in patients with gingivitis and periodontitis: A cross-sectional study

Koppolu,

Alshahrani,

Ghawas

et al. 2023

JISPCD

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Aim: Periodontitis is an inflammatory condition of the periodontium that is instigated by microbial biofilms developed on the teeth. The purpose of the study was to ascertain the vitamin D status of gingivitis and periodontitis patients while maintaining a healthy group as the control using simple low-cost chairside pre-coated with 25-OH Vitamin D antigen rapid test kits. Materials and Methods: From outpatients visiting the college’s periodontics clinics, a total of 101 patients were screened. The study sample includes 38 patients in the periodontitis group, 32 in the gingivitis group, and 31 in the healthy group. A middle-digit needle was used to collect blood samples, which were put into a test cassette with membrane that had been coated with 25-OH Vitamin D antigen on the test line area of the strip. Vitamin D Quick Test (Natejah) Semi-quantitatively detects 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25 (OH) D) in human finger-stick complete blood at a cutoff convergence of 30 ± 4 ng/mL. Vitamin D blood levels below 80 nmol/L are considered to have deficient vitamin 25(OH)D levels. Clinical parameters between healthy, gingivitis, and different stages of periodontitis subjects were compared using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple comparison. Fisher’s exact test was done to compare vitamin D levels in the three groups. Results: Fisher’s exact test revealed that there was a statistically significant increase in the number of subjects with stages 4 and stage 3 periodontitis who lacked vitamin D levels (less than 80 nmol/L). Whereas least deficient in Vit D were noticed among Healthy and Gingivitis subjects. When compared to healthy individuals, gingivitis, and various stages of periodontitis had significantly higher mean PI values in a Tukey’s multiple comparison. Vitamin D deficiency was found to be 27.5% in subjects with gingivitis and 71.5% in subjects with periodontitis. Conclusion: Periodontitis is associated with vitamin D deficiency, in contrast to gingivitis and healthy subjects. The severity of periodontitis was likewise linked to the amount of vitamin D in the individual’s blood. When compared to expensive, time-consuming, and laborious laboratory methods, the findings of this study suggest that a simple inexpensive chairside pre-coated with 25-OH Vitamin D antigen rapid test kits can be considered a viable alternative for determining vitamin D levels.

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Diabetes and periodontal disease

Abstract: provide practical guidance for the dental team in assessing and managing periodontal status in people with diabetes.

Cited by 12 publications

References 40 publications

Unusual localized gingival redness: a case report

Unusual localized gingival redness: a case report

Prolyl-hydroxylase inhibitor-induced regeneration of alveolar bone and soft tissue in a mouse model of ligature-induced periodontitis

Estimation of vitamin D levels using a chairside diagnostic test kit in patients with gingivitis and periodontitis: A cross-sectional study

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