Periodontitis and diabetes are common, complex, chronic diseases with an established bidirectional relationship. That is, diabetes (particularly if glycaemic control is poor) is associated with an increased prevalence and severity of periodontitis, and, severe periodontitis is associated with compromised glycaemic control. Periodontal treatment (conventional non-surgical periodontal therapy) has been associated with improvements in glycaemic control in diabetic patients, with reductions in HbA1c of approximately 0.4% following periodontal therapy. For these reasons, management of periodontitis in people with diabetes is particularly important. The dental team therefore has an important role to play in the management of people with diabetes. An emerging role for dental professionals is envisaged, in which diabetes screening tools could be used to identify patients at high risk of diabetes, to enable them to seek further investigation and assessment from medical healthcare providers.

Preextraction CT scans may present a useful diagnostic aid to assess the risk of inferior alveolar nerve injury and lingual plate perforation for IIP in the posterior mandible. This information may be used for assessing risk when deciding whether to retain a questionable tooth or replace it with an implant with either an IIP or delayed protocol.

provide practical guidance for the dental team in assessing and managing periodontal status in people with diabetes.

Periodontal disease (PD) is a chronic inflammatory condition where the key feature is the alveolar bone loss. Diabetes Mellitus is a major risk factor in the occurrence of PD and Vitamin D has been found to play a role in the development of diseases such as PD for its immunomoduratory and anti-inflammatory effects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between PD and vitamin D levels in type 1 diabetic patients.