Diabetes and severity of COVID-19: What is the link?

Pitocco, Dario; Viti, Luca; Tartaglione, Linda; Leo, Mauro Di; Rizzo, G; Manto, Andrea; Rizzi, Alessandro; Caputo, Salvatore; Pontecorvi, Alfredo

doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109923

Cited by 14 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Regulation of the immune system in COVID-19 is essential to prevent severe disease. Patients with DM have lost their capacity to regulate immunity [ 32 ], which makes them more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 induced hyper-inflammation and cytokine storm [ 29 ]. DM is associated with impaired phagocytic activity of macrophages and decreased neutrophil chemotaxis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diabetes increases the risk of COVID-19 in an altitude dependent manner: An analysis of 1,280,806 Mexican patients

et al. 2021

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Aims The objective of this study is to analyze how the impact of Diabetes Mellitus [DM] in patients with COVID-19 varies according to altitudinal gradient. Methods We obtained 1,280,806 records from adult patients with COVID-19 and DM to analyze the probability of COVID-19, development of COVID-19 pneumonia, hospitalization, intubation, admission to the Intensive Care Unit [ICU] and case-fatality rates [CFR]. Variables were controlled by age, sex and altitude of residence to calculate adjusted prevalence and prevalence ratios. Results Patients with DM had a 21.8% higher prevalence of COVID-19 and an additional 120.2% higher prevalence of COVID-19 pneumonia. The adjusted prevalence was also higher for these outcomes as well as for hospitalization, intubation and ICU admission. COVID-19 and pneumonia patients with DM had a 97.0% and 19.4% higher CFR, respectively. With increasing altitudes, the probability of being a confirmed COVID-19 case and the development of pneumonia decreased along CFR for patients with and without DM. However, COVID-19 patients with DM were more likely to require intubation when residing at high altitude. Conclusions The study suggests that patients with DM have a higher probability of being a confirmed COVID-19 case and developing pneumonia. Higher altitude had a protective relationship against SARS-CoV-2 infection; however, it may be associated with more severe cases in patients with and without DM. High altitude decreases CFR for all COVID-19 patients. Our work also shows that women are less affected than men regardless of altitude.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, it is important to consider the effect of hyperglycemia in lung structure, function and outcome. DM is associated with thickening of the pulmonary basal lamina and the alveolar epithelium, along with reduced diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide [ 32 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetes increases the risk of COVID-19 in an altitude dependent manner: An analysis of 1,280,806 Mexican patients

et al. 2021

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“…The authors detail how adipose tissue may be vulnerable to COVID-19 infection, therefore, obese patients also have worse outcomes with COVID-19 infection, including respiratory failure, need for mechanical ventilation, and higher mortality (Almerie and Kerrigan, 2020; Palaiodimos et al, 2020; Flint and Tahrani, 2020). Similarly, the presence of diabetes has been associated with an increased mortality risk (Pitocco et al, 2020; Papadokostaki et al, 2020) because people with diabetes could suffer from a loss of capacity to regulate immunity. Therefore, due to the large prevalence of diabetes (15%) and obesity (60%) in Mexico, we expect COVID-19 lethality being considerably higher than the one experienced by other countries in the region.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The main factors influencing COVID-19 spread and deaths in Mexico: A comparison between Phases I and II

Benita

Gasca-Sanchez

2020

Preprint

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This article investigates the geographical spread of COVID-19 confirmed cases and deaths across municipalities in Mexico. It focuses on the spread dynamics between Phase I (from March 23th to May 31st, 2020) and II (from June 1st to August 22th, 2020) of the social distancing measures. It also examines municipal-level factors associated with cumulative COVID-19 cases and deaths to understand the spatial determinants of the pandemic. The analysis of the geographic pattern of the pandemic via Space-Time Scan Statistics (SaTScan) revealed fast spread among municipalities. During Phase I, clusters of infections and deaths were mainly located at the center of the country, while in Phase II, these clusters dispersed to the rest of the country. The regression results from the Zero-Inflated Negative Binomial Regression analysis suggested that income inequality, prevalence of obesity and diabetes, and concentration of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) are strongly positively associated to confirmed cases and deaths regardless of lockdown.

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“…The authors detailed how adipose tissue may be vulnerable to COVID-19 infection; therefore, obese patients also have worse outcomes with COVID-19 infection, including respiratory failure, need for mechanical ventilation, and higher mortality ( Almerie and Kerrigan, 2020 ; Palaiodimos et al, 2020 ; Flint and Tahrani, 2020 ). Similarly, diabetes has been associated with increased mortality risk ( Pitocco et al, 2020 ; Papadokostaki et al, 2020 ) because people with diabetes could suffer from a loss of capacity to regulate immunity. With this body of knowledge pointing to the links between comorbidities associated with obesity and COVID-19 complications, the scenario in Mexico is not promising as the diabetes prevalence reached 15% and figures of obesity and overweight surpass 60% ( OECD, 2019 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The main factors influencing COVID-19 spread and deaths in Mexico: A comparison between phases I and II

Benita

Gasca-Sanchez

2021

Applied Geography

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This article investigates the geographical spread of confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths across municipalities in Mexico. It focuses on the spread dynamics and containment of the virus between Phase I (from March 23 to May 31, 2020) and Phase II (from June 1 to August 22, 2020) of the social distancing measures. It also examines municipal-level factors associated with cumulative COVID-19 cases and deaths to understand the spatial determinants of the pandemic. The analysis of the geographic pattern of the pandemic via spatial scan statistics revealed a fast spread among municipalities. During Phase I, clusters of infections and deaths were mainly located at the country’s center, whereas in Phase II, these clusters dispersed to the rest of the country. The regression results from the zero-inflated negative binomial regression analysis suggested that income inequality, the prevalence of obesity and diabetes, and concentration of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) are strongly positively associated with confirmed cases and deaths regardless of lockdown.

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Diabetes and severity of COVID-19: What is the link?

Cited by 14 publications

References 6 publications

Diabetes increases the risk of COVID-19 in an altitude dependent manner: An analysis of 1,280,806 Mexican patients

Diabetes increases the risk of COVID-19 in an altitude dependent manner: An analysis of 1,280,806 Mexican patients

The main factors influencing COVID-19 spread and deaths in Mexico: A comparison between Phases I and II

The main factors influencing COVID-19 spread and deaths in Mexico: A comparison between phases I and II

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