Diabetes-Associated Susceptibility to Tuberculosis: Contribution of Hyperglycemia vs. Dyslipidemia

Ngo, Minh Dao; Bartlett, Stacey; Ronacher, Katharina

doi:10.3390/microorganisms9112282

Cited by 26 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 103 publications

(135 reference statements)

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“…While we did investigate the co-morbidities of our cohort, the co-morbidities varied a lot in the types of disease, rendering the numbers inadequate for analysis. A more detailed look into the characteristics of our patients with diabetes such as duration of disease, metabolic control including glycaemic, lipid and obesity profile, and smoking habits might be helpful to explain the insignificant results [ 40 , 41 ]. Three, our outcome of sputum conversion was based on the result of sputum AFB smear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and associated factors of delayed sputum smear conversion in patients treated for smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis: A retrospective follow up study in Sabah, Malaysia

Khor

Wahid²,

Ling³

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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Introduction Tuberculosis remains a major health problem globally and in Malaysia, particularly in the state of Sabah. Delayed sputum conversion is associated with treatment failure, drug-resistant tuberculosis and mortality. We aimed to determine the prevalence of delayed sputum conversion among smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients and its associated factors in Sabah, Malaysia. Methods A retrospective follow up study on all patients newly diagnosed with smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis from 2017 to 2019 was conducted at three government health clinics in Sabah, utilizing data from a national electronic tuberculosis database and medical records. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression were applied for data analysis. The outcome of the study was the sputum conversion status at the end of the two-month intensive treatment phase with either successful conversion to smear negative or non-conversion. Results 374 patients were included in the analysis. Our patients were generally younger than 60 years old with no medical illness and varying proportions of tuberculosis severity as judged by radiographic appearance and sputum bacillary load upon diagnosis. Foreigners constituted 27.8% of our sample. 8.8% (confidence interval: 6.2–12.2) did not convert to smear negative at the end of the intensive phase. Binary logistic regression showed that older patients ≥60 years old (adjusted odds ratio, AOR = 4.303), foreigners (AOR = 3.184) and patients with higher sputum bacillary load at diagnosis [2+ (AOR = 5.061) and 3+ (AOR = 4.992)] were more likely to have delayed sputum smear conversion. Conclusion The prevalence of delayed sputum conversion in our study was considerably low at 8.8% with age ≥60 years old, foreigners and higher pre-treatment sputum bacillary load associated with delayed conversion. Healthcare providers should take note of these factors and ensure the patients receive proper follow up treatment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and associated factors of delayed sputum smear conversion in patients treated for smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis: A retrospective follow up study in Sabah, Malaysia

Khor

Wahid²,

Ling³

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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“…Lastly, diabetes and tuberculosis has been associated since the 1930s [ 245 ] and still, nowadays, can be considered risk factors that increase susceptibility [ 246 ]. Both types of diabetes are characterized for presenting chronic inflammation [ 247 ], being the main point of connection between that disorder and tuberculosis.…”

Section: Tuberculosis: Knowing the Enemymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mouse Models for Mycobacterium tuberculosis Pathogenesis: Show and Do Not Tell

2022

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Science has been taking profit from animal models since the first translational experiments back in ancient Greece. From there, and across all history, several remarkable findings have been obtained using animal models. One of the most popular models, especially for research in infectious diseases, is the mouse. Regarding research in tuberculosis, the mouse has provided useful information about host and bacterial traits related to susceptibility to the infection. The effect of aging, sexual dimorphisms, the route of infection, genetic differences between mice lineages and unbalanced immunity scenarios upon Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and tuberculosis development has helped, helps and will help biomedical researchers in the design of new tools for diagnosis, treatment and prevention of tuberculosis, despite various discrepancies and the lack of deep study in some areas of these traits.

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“…Despite worldwide efforts to reduce the global burden of tuberculosis (TB), TB is still a significant threat to global health, reaching one of the top causes of death worldwide. Several underlying diseases 1 , 2 , lifestyle habits 3 , and social determinants 4 are known to contribute to the development of tuberculosis. Among them, undernutrition is known to attribute to new TB cases the most 5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of underweight status with the risk of tuberculosis: a nationwide population-based cohort study

Cho

Lee

Kwon

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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In studies evaluating the association between body mass index (BMI) and risk of tuberculosis (TB), the data for the underweight population has been limited and results were conflicting. Our study aimed to evaluate whether being underweight increases the risk of TB using a nationwide representative sample from the Republic of Korea. A large population-based cohort study of over ten million subjects who participated in the health screening in 2010 was performed using the Korean National Health Insurance database 2010–2017. We evaluated the incidence and risk of TB by BMI category (kg/m2) for Asians using a multivariable Cox regression model, adjusting for age, sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, regular exercise, low-income state, and underlying hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia. To evaluate the association between BMI and TB risk, the underweight population was further subdivided according to the degree of thinness. During 70,063,154.3 person-years of follow-up, 52,615 of 11,135,332 individuals developed active TB with an incidence of 0.75 per 1000 person-years. Overall, there was a log-linear inverse relationship between TB incidence and BMI, within the BMI range of 15–30 kg/m2 (R2 = 0.95). The estimated adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for incident TB in the underweight population (BMI < 18.5) was 2.08 (95% confidence intervals, CI 2.02–2.15), overweight (23 ≤ BMI < 25) was 0.56 (0.55–0.58) and obese (BMI ≥ 25) was 0.40 (0.39–0.41) relative to the normal weight population. Among the underweight population, TB risk increased as the degree of thinness increased (adjusted HR = 1.98, 1.91–2.05; 2.50, 2.33–2.68; and 2.83, 2.55–3.15, for mild, moderate and severe thinness, respectively) (p for trend < 0.001). We found a significant inverse relationship between BMI and TB incidence, which was especially profound in the underweight population. Public health strategies to screen TB more actively in the underweight population and improve their weight status may help reduce the burden of TB.

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Diabetes-Associated Susceptibility to Tuberculosis: Contribution of Hyperglycemia vs. Dyslipidemia

Cited by 26 publications

References 103 publications

Prevalence and associated factors of delayed sputum smear conversion in patients treated for smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis: A retrospective follow up study in Sabah, Malaysia

Prevalence and associated factors of delayed sputum smear conversion in patients treated for smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis: A retrospective follow up study in Sabah, Malaysia

Mouse Models for Mycobacterium tuberculosis Pathogenesis: Show and Do Not Tell

Association of underweight status with the risk of tuberculosis: a nationwide population-based cohort study

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