Diabetes in Asian Indians—How much is preventable? Ten-year follow-up of the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study (CURES-142)

Anjana, Ranjit Mohan; Sudha, Vasudevan; Nair, Divya; Lakshmipriya, Nagarajan; Deepa, Mohan; Pradeepa, Rajendra; Subhashini, S; Malik, Vasanti; Unnikrishnan, Ranjit; Binu, V S; Patel, Shivani A.; Hu, Frank B.; Mohan, Viswanathan

doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2015.05.039

Cited by 45 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…Several studies have assessed the link between cereal intake and risk of developing T2D. Table 1 summarizes the observational studies that have looked at this relationship (40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45). The majority of studies have used a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), which is the most common method used to estimate the usual dietary intake of the population and to rank an individual based on his or her dietary intake in order to relate it to chronic disease risk over time.…”

Section: Dietary Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Type 2 Diabetes: Demystifying the Global Epidemic

et al. 2017

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Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has attained the status of a global pandemic, spreading from affluent industrialized nations to the emerging economies of Asia, Latin America, and Africa. There is significant global variation in susceptibility to T2D, with Pacific Islanders, Asian Indians, and Native Americans being considerably more prone to develop the disorder. Although genetic factors may play a part, the rapidity with which diabetes prevalence has risen among these populations reflects the far-ranging and rapid socioeconomic changes to which they have been exposed over the past few decades. Traditionally, obesity and its correlate, insulin resistance, have been considered the major mediators of T2D risk; however, recent evidence shows that early loss of β-cell function plays an important role in the pathogenesis of T2D, especially in nonobese individuals such as South Asians. Knowledge of the modifiable risk factors of T2D is important, as it forms the basis for designing cost-effective preventive and therapeutic strategies to slow the epidemic in populations at increased risk. Lessons learned from randomized prevention trials need to be implemented with appropriate cultural adaptations, accompanied by empowerment of the community, if the diabetes epidemic is to be slowed or halted.

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Section: Dietary Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Type 2 Diabetes: Demystifying the Global Epidemic

et al. 2017

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“…Interestingly, improvement in diet and levels of PA alone could reduce the prevalence of diabetes by 50% (ref. 8). These studies suggests that modifying the easily identifiable risk factors could prevent the majority of cases of incident diabetes in the population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Few studies have estimated the contribution of various risk factors to the population-attributable risk (PAR) for diabetes 8,9 . Hu et al 9 , during 16 years of follow-up on 84,941 female nurses, free of diagnosed cardiovascular disease, diabetes and cancer at baseline, assessed PAR for diabetes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The combination of five risk factors, including an unfavourable diet risk score, higher body mass index, physical inactivity, smoking and alcohol use could explain 93% of all incident diabetes in their study population. In a recent study (Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study, CURES) conducted among an urban South Indian population, the contribution of various modifiable risk factors to PAR for diabetes was evaluated in a cohort of 1376 individuals who were free of diabetes at baseline and were followed up for 10 years 8 . The combination of five risk factors (obesity, physical inactivity, unfavourable diet risk score, hypertriglyceridaemia and low HDL cholesterol) could explain 80.7% of all incident diabetes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Built Environment, Physical Activity and Diabetes

Anjana

2017

Current Science

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Type-2 diabetes, which has emerged as a global epidemic in recent years, is strongly related to lifestyle and economic change. The built environment (BE) influences lifestyle factors such as physical activity and diet. Evidence shows that individuals who live in neighbourhoods with the availability of destinations for physical activity within walking/cycling distance are more likely to engage in the same and thereby improve their health. Walking can be increased in neighbourhoods by providing useable and unencroached pedestrian pathways, undertaking motor-traffic reduction strategies, improved perceived neighbourhood safety, increasing good street connectivity, parks, green space, playgrounds and recreation areas. Thus for the BE to positively influence health outcomes and be made more activity-friendly, requires combined efforts of health professionals and stakeholders in the Government as well as the private sector.

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“…Psychosocial factors such as depression may also play a role [29]. Another study from our group showed that five factors -unhealthy diet, obesity, physical inactivity, serum triglycerides, and low HDL cholesterol -explain 80.7% of the population attributable risk for diabetes in this population [30].…”

Section: Key Pointsmentioning

confidence: 97%