Diabetes in Youth

Kahkoska, Anna R.; Dabelea, Dana

doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2021.05.007

Cited by 14 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 121 publications

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“…Interventions for type II diabetes target key biomarkers such as blood pressure, glycated haemoglobin, fasting plasma glucose, and body weight within target levels to prevent complications or delay disease progression. The most prevalent complications of type II diabetes include microvascular events, including neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy, or macrovascular events such as atherosclerosis, aneurysm, embolism, peripheral vascular diseases, cerebrovascular disease, or coronary artery disease ( Denicolò et al., 2021 ; Kahkoska and Dabelea, 2021 ). Half of people diagnosed with type II diabetes present microvascular complications, and 27% have macrovascular complications ( Davies et al., 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-management practices for preventing complications of type II diabetes mellitus in low and middle-income countries: A scoping review

Maina

Reid

2023

International Journal of Nursing Studies Advances

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-management practices for preventing complications of type II diabetes mellitus in low and middle-income countries: A scoping review

Maina

Reid

2023

International Journal of Nursing Studies Advances

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“…The intricate genetic landscape interacts dynamically with environmental factors, such as obesity, dietary patterns, elevated stress levels, and the aging process [54]. The convergence of these genetic and environmental components creates a conducive setting for the initiation and progression of T2DM and its related complications [56][57][58][59][60][61].…”

Section: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic Potential of Various Intermittent Fasting Regimens in Alleviating Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Prediabetes: A Comprehensive Review

Msane,

Khathi,

Sosibo

2024

Preprint

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: Intermittent fasting has drawn significant interest in the clinical research community due to its potential to address metabolic complications such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Various intermittent fasting regimens include alternate-day fasting (24 hours of fasting followed by 24 hours of eating), time-restricted fasting (fasting for 14 hours and eating within a 10-hour window), and the 5:2 diet (fasting for two days and eating normally for the other five days). Intermittent fasting is associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus-related complications and can slow their progression. The increasing global prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus highlights the importance of early management. Since prediabetes is a precursor to type 2 diabetes mellitus, understanding its progression is essential. However, the long-term effects of intermittent fasting on prediabetes are not yet well understood. Therefore, this review aims to comprehensively compile existing knowledge on the therapeutic effects of intermittent fasting in managing type 2 diabetes mellitus and prediabetes.

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“…These data predict that obesity-associated T2D will remain a healthcare problem for the foreseeable future without a concerted effort at prevention that considers the identifying factors driving obesity and the associated metabolic decline in youth. Numerous pieces of evidence indicate the development of insulin resistance and T2D in children is accelerated compared to adults, [120][121][122][123][124] suggesting temporal and/or more fundamental differences in mechanisms driving the transition from obese and metabolically healthy to obesity with T2D in youth. Although obesity causes low-grade chronic inflammation in adults, we cannot assume that obesity-related inflammation is present (nor detrimental) in children with obesity.…”

Section: Ob E S It Y In Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

T cells in obesity‐associated inflammation: The devil is in the details

Valentine,

Nikolajczyk

2024

Immunological Reviews

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SummaryObesity presents a significant health challenge, affecting 41% of adults and 19.7% of children in the United States. One of the associated health challenges of obesity is chronic low‐grade inflammation. In both mice and humans, T cells in circulation and in the adipose tissue play a pivotal role in obesity‐associated inflammation. Changes in the numbers and frequency of specific CD4+ Th subsets and their contribution to inflammation through cytokine production indicate declining metabolic health, that is, insulin resistance and T2D. While some Th subset alterations are consistent between mice and humans with obesity, some changes mainly characterize male mice, whereas female mice often resist obesity and inflammation. However, protection from obesity and inflammation is not observed in human females, who can develop obesity‐related T‐cell inflammation akin to males. The decline in female sex hormones after menopause is also implicated in promoting obesity and inflammation. Age is a second underappreciated factor for defining and regulating obesity‐associated inflammation toward translating basic science findings to the clinic. Weight loss in mice and humans, in parallel with these other factors, does not resolve obesity‐associated inflammation. Instead, inflammation persists amid modest changes in CD4+ T cell frequencies, highlighting the need for further research into resolving changes in T‐cell function after weight loss. How lingering inflammation after weight loss affecting the common struggle to maintain lower weight is unknown. Semaglutide, a newly popular pharmaceutical used for treating T2D and reversing obesity, holds promise for alleviating obesity‐associated health complications, yet its impact on T‐cell‐mediated inflammation remains unexplored. Further work in this area could significantly contribute to the scientific understanding of the impacts of weight loss and sex/hormones in obesity and obesity‐associated metabolic decline.

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Diabetes in Youth

Cited by 14 publications

References 121 publications

Self-management practices for preventing complications of type II diabetes mellitus in low and middle-income countries: A scoping review

Self-management practices for preventing complications of type II diabetes mellitus in low and middle-income countries: A scoping review

Therapeutic Potential of Various Intermittent Fasting Regimens in Alleviating Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Prediabetes: A Comprehensive Review

T cells in obesity‐associated inflammation: The devil is in the details

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