Diabetes: Insights into Thyroid Hormones

Abstract

Numerous physiological and pathological processes must be controlled for the thyroid gland to function properly. Research utilising both animal models and human subjects has demonstrated that thyroid hormones regulate cellular processes that are crucial for most age-related diseases. Furthermore, both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism have been associated to the onset of several kinds of diabetes, proving the intricacy of the molecular processes regulated by thyroid hormones. In this article, we provide a summary of the most recent thyroid hormone-related findings in the field of diabetes research. We contend that despite the difficulty in developing thyromimetics due to their inefficiency and potential toxicity, therapies based on the use of modulators of thyroid hormone activity may be therapeutically beneficial in some kinds of diabetes.

Evaluation of Thyroid Function Markers in Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Relation to Insulin Resistance

“…Thyroxine (T4) is not properly converted to triiodothyronine (T3) in peripheral tissues in T2DM, which also lowers the levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (Kalra et al, 2021). Researchers have shown that carbohydrate metabolism and pancreatic functions are regulated by thyroid hormones (THs) (Shehzad et al, 2022). (T3) regulates cell activity physiologically by influencing how much glucose is taken in by pancreatic cells, which in turn regulates the release of insulin.…”