Diabetes mellitus tipo 1: evidências da literatura para seu manejo adequado, na perspectiva de crianças

Abstract

RESUMENEl estudio objetivó identificar las evidencias disponibles en la literatura que aborden, en la perspectiva infantil, los factores relevantes para el manejo adecuado de la diabetes mellitus tipo 1. Se realizó revisión integradora en bases de datos PubMed, CINAHL, LILACS, CUIDEN y PsycINFO, con los descriptores diabetes mellitus tipo 1, niño, prevención y control, factores desencadenantes, emergencias, autocuidado, aprendizaje y educación en salud, en período 1998 a 2008. Del total, se seleccionaron 19, su aná-lisis permitió identificar las categorías: viviendo con la diabetes; autocuidado y perfil glucémico; actuación de la familia, amigos y profesionales de saludo; y escuela. Las evidencias determinan que el niño aprecia el apoyo recibido por sus familiares, los cuales tienen relación directa con la preparación para el autocuidado. Otros miembros externos a su red también son valorizados. La escuela merece atención, así como la experiencia particular de cada niño y la educación en salud. DESCRIPTORESDiabetes mellitus tipo 1 Niño Enfermería pediátrica Autocuidado Educación en salud

Problems with adherence to treatment among adolescents with diabetes mellitus type 1

“…The pain felt during the application of insulin is something annoying, which can consequently impede the proper management of the disease, helping adolescents avoid or create resistance in these moments. 12.…”

“…This can infl uence negatively the adaptation of the adolescent in relation to diabetes, cooperating or not with the disease control [9][10][11][12][13][14][15] . The family then worry in an exaggerated manner, and to convey feelings of anxiety and fear in relation to immediate and late complications of the disease, not only when the adolescent doesn't follow treatment properly, causing the same feel and think the same way 22 .…”

“…(Table 2) Adolescents with DM1 pass through barriers that comes from great efforts to keep a proper control of the disease, being the main barriers considered as painful ones and routine as the capillary blood glucose testing and insulin application, which often causes anxiety and discomfort to the individual. Another barrier that is also present in the daily life of these adolescents is related to get adequate nutrition for the DM1, which is still seen as a challenge, because they fi ght often against the desire of common food consumption for non-diabetic teens offered at school and other public places 12 . In this study, twelve of the fi fteen adolescents were the main diffi culty in daily insulin application and proper nutrition.…”

“…Healthy habits for the individual with DM1 should be used daily by the capillary blood glucose control, insulin therapy and regular physical activity, which are considered of utmost importance to prevent and delay chronic and acute complications and hospitalizations [12][13] . That's why Marques, Fornés, Stringhini 14 also stress that proper treatment for the control of acute episodes of Hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia can prevent the development of common diseases in those circumstances as Neuropathies, kidney diseases and cardiovascular diseases.…”

Contextos de cuidado à criança e ao adolescente com diabetes mellitus: uma abordagem socioambiental

“…Destas, cerca de 300 mil possuem essa patologia e são menores de 15 anos (5). O ambiente onde as crianças e os adolescentes com DM estão inseridos remetem à reflexão de como as atividades humanas provocam mudanças no comportamento e no ecossistema.…”