Diabetes Onset at 31–45 Years of Age is Associated with an Increased Risk of Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetes

Zhou, Wenjun; Ni, Lisha; Lu, Qianyi; Zou, Chen; Zhao, Minjie; Xu, Xun; Chen, Haibing; Zheng, Zhi

doi:10.1038/srep38113

Cited by 33 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…This is similar to study on Asian Indians that the onset of T2DM in Asian Indians is earlier than other ethnic groups because 40-69 is considered to be potential age group for normal activities. Therefore, early onset of T2DM is observed in north Indian population and this is similar to other studies also [38].…”

Section: Socioeconomic Factors and T2dmsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…Although, drinking and smoking have been observed less, hypertension is significantly observed in this research however, 23% of T2DM subjects have genetic origin also, table 4. All aspects of complications have been analyzed in this research, table 5 with dominant as retinopathy as in other studies [38]. As in this research and other studies, the adjoining areas of the city have migrated people from villages and also have the risk of developing T2DM.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of complicating risk factors of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)

Raj¹,

Navis²,

Bhatti³

et al. 2018

Integr Obesity Diabetes

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Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complicated disease affecting different populations and the starting age of subjects is as early as 15 years old. Since anthropometric, clinical and genetic risk factors are associated with the development of T2DM, the complications developed due to T2DM are life-threatening. Therefore, this research analyzes the complicating risk factors of T2DM. Materials and methods:An observational study of approximately 10,000 north Indian individuals were contacted and a total of 703 subjects (351 control subjects and 352 T2DM subjects) belonging to north Indian states were recruited for the analysis of the risk factors.Result: Very early onset of T2DM, very large undiagnosed population, high newly diagnosed T2DM subjects, independent effect of complicating risk factors etc. were the results obtained from the research. Conclusion:Considering the complications and early onset of T2DM, despite the other diseases along with T2DM, early mortality and increased mortality due to T2DM were observed in north Indian population.major role in the susceptibility to T2DM. There are much differences seen in insulin secretion and sensitivity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and T2DM in subjects with different risk factors [18]. However, new alcohol drinkers in middle age and drink rarely may experience benefit in cardiovascular disease and diabetic complication [19] whereas rare and light drinkers after increasing alcohol consumption over short period of time are associated with lower risk of T2DM [20]. Moreover, cigarette smoking and smoking cessation lead to higher short-term risk of T2DM [21].The long term complications of T2DM are chronic complications in circulatory system that may cause blindness, lower limb gangrene and renal failure in adults. It is also a major risk factor for strokes and other cardiovascular diseases (CVD) [22]. Since T2DM is common, its related disorders such as nephropathy [23], neuropathy and retinopathy are also more common. Diabetic nephropathy is a serious complication of T2DM and the prevalence of nephropathy has been increasing worldwide [24,25]. In subjects with CAD and T2DM, the complications lead to functional and structural vascular alterations of the peripheral Materials and MethodologyIn this research, a preliminary observation of incidence of T2DM subjects of approximately 10,000 was interviewed. Apart from this, 351 control and 352 T2DM subjects from nearby locations of Chandigarh belonging to the states of Haryana, Utter Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu Kashmir, Punjab, Delhi, Rajasthan, West Bengal etc. and resident of Chandigarh, Panchkula, Mohali, Baltana, etc. were recruited. This is because these cities/towns have resident migrated populations of these states. They were recruited at referral points /schools / hospitals etc. to administer the questionnaire for the data capture for this research. The subjects were completely analyzed using the criteria for control and T2DM subjects specified by diabetes associations. A formal broc...

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Section: Socioeconomic Factors and T2dmsupporting

confidence: 78%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of complicating risk factors of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)

Raj¹,

Navis²,

Bhatti³

et al. 2018

Integr Obesity Diabetes

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show abstract

“…Education was grouped as below primary (reference), primary, high school, intermediate school, and higher education. Age takes the value of one if greater than or equal to 40 and zero otherwise, as an age of more than 40 years is considered to be the typical age for the onset of diabetes . Gender takes the value of one if the respondent was male and zero for female.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socio‐economic inequalities in diabetes prevalence in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Al-Hanawi

Chirwa

Pulok

2019

Health Planning & Management

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Summary Background Rising prevalence of non‐communicable diseases, including diabetes in the Middle East, is a major public health concern of the 21st century. However, there is a paucity of literature to understand and measure socio‐economic inequalities in diabetes prevalence in this region, including the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Methods This study investigated socio‐economic inequalities in diabetes prevalence in the KSA using data from the Saudi Arabia Health Interview Survey. Concentration curve, concentration index, and multivariate logistic regression were used to measure and examine income‐ and education‐related inequalities in diabetes prevalence. Results The results showed significant socio‐economic inequalities in the prevalence of diabetes through analysing a nationally representative sample of the KSA population. Diabetes prevalence was concentrated among the poor and among people with less education. In addition, education‐related inequality was higher than income‐related inequality. Conclusions The findings of this study are important for policymakers to combat both the increasing prevalence of and socio‐economic inequalities in diabetes. The government should promote health education programmes and increase the level of public awareness of diabetes management, especially among the lower educated population in the KSA.

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“…Genetic determinants of diabetes are likely to be more common in patients with early onset of diabetes 37. This observation suggests that patients with early onset of diabetes have a more aggressive disease and are prone to develop more complications at an earlier age 38. Delaying the age of diabetes might prevent the occurrence of DR.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of factors related to diabetic retinopathy in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study

et al. 2020

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AimTo investigate the related factors of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and explore the correlation between smoking and DR in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).DesignA single-centre cross-sectional study.SettingTianjin 4th Central Hospital.ParticipantsPatients with newly diagnosed T2DM who visited the outpatient department of the hospital from December 2018 to April 2019.MethodsA total of 947 patients were enrolled in the study. They were divided into two groups according to whether they were diagnosed with DR (diabetic retinopathy group, DR group; non-diabetic retinopathy group, NDR group). The smoking index (SI) was calculated to assess smoking status. Factors such as sex, age, hypertension, T2DM diagnosed age, family history of diabetes, drinking history, haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), body mass index (BMI) and smoking status were compared between the two groups. Logistic regression was used to analyse the relationship between DR and the above factors.ResultsThere was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in sex, age, hypertension, DM diagnosed age, family history of diabetes, drinking history and HbA1c. BMI was significantly higher in DR patients (27.7±4.2 vs 26.7±4.4, p=0.004). Smoking status was also different between the two groups (χ2=6.350, p=0.042). BMI was shown to be a related factor for DR in patients with newly diagnosed diabetes (OR=0.592, p=0.004). When BMI was ≥28 kg/m2, heavy smoking was significantly associated with DR (OR=2.219, p=0.049), and there was a negative correlation between DR and the age of diagnosis of diabetes ≥60 years (OR=0.289, p=0.009).ConclusionsHeavy smoking was an important related factor for DR in patients with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus when BMI was ≥28 kg/m2. Delaying the age of diabetes might prevent the occurrence of DR. To elucidate the correlation, long-term cohort studies with large samples are needed.

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Diabetes Onset at 31–45 Years of Age is Associated with an Increased Risk of Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetes

Cited by 33 publications

References 24 publications

Analysis of complicating risk factors of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)

Analysis of complicating risk factors of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)

Socio‐economic inequalities in diabetes prevalence in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Analysis of factors related to diabetic retinopathy in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study

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