Diabetes—prevalence and cost of illness in Germany: a study evaluating data from the statutory health insurance in Germany

Stock, Stephanie; Redaélli, Marcus; Wendland, G; Civello, Daniele; Lauterbach, Karl W.

doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2005.01779.x

Cited by 62 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Even though the concept of the human capital method in economic appraisal is somewhat controversial (van Roijen et al, 1995), our approach to calculate indirect costs is in line with former studies on similar topics (Stock et al, 2006). For the calculation of direct costs of LB hospital care, the number of annual cases for adults and adolescents was multiplied by their annual median cost per hospital stay.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology and cost of hospital care for Lyme borreliosis in Germany: Lessons from a health care utilization database analysis

Lohr

Müller

Mai

et al. 2015

Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology and cost of hospital care for Lyme borreliosis in Germany: Lessons from a health care utilization database analysis

Lohr

Müller

Mai

et al. 2015

Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases

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“…The prevalence of hypertension in 6 European countries is 44.2%, ranging from 55% in Germany to 38% in Italy [26]. With regard to diabetes, its prevalence has been increasing in all Western countries, although the prevalence has been greater in the US [27] than in most European countries [28] (9.3 vs. 3.5–6.5%). Surprisingly, PREVADIAB showed that the standardized prevalence estimates of diabetes in Portugal (11.7%) are similar to those in the US, and greater than previously estimated by the WHO.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease and Associated Risk Factors, and Risk of End-Stage Renal Disease: Data from the PREVADIAB Study

Vinhas

Gardete-Correia²,

Boavida³

et al. 2011

Nephron Clin Pract

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Background/Aims: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing public health problem. However, data on risk factors and prevalence of CKD exist only in a small number of countries. Portugal has the highest incidence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) among European countries, but there are huge disparities among countries. Whether these disparities reflect differences in risk factors, prevalence of CKD or other factors is currently unknown. Methods: We analyzed data from a nationally representative sample of 5,167 subjects, and estimated the prevalence of CKD and associated risk factors, and combined these prevalence estimates with available data on ESRD. Results: The prevalence of risk factors such as diabetes (11.7%), obesity (33.7%), and metabolic syndrome (41.5%) was similar to that in the US, but greater than in most European countries. The prevalence of CKD stages 3–5 was 6.1%, which is similar to that in other Western countries. The risk of ESRD was greater than in other European countries, but lower than in the US. Conclusion: The high incidence of ESRD among the Portuguese population is not due to a greater prevalence of CKD. A higher rate of progression associated with the high prevalence of risk factors may account for the high incidence of ESRD. The role of unmeasured factors needs to be evaluated in further studies.

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“…There are only a few other studies on medication costs among diabetic patients in Germany (11)(12)(13). A comparison of these studies is difficult because of different study designs and populations.…”

Section: Prescription Prevalences and Costsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in Outpatient Prescription Drug Costs in Diabetic Patients in Germany, 1994–2004

et al. 2007

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OBJECTIVE -New antidiabetic medications have been introduced during the last decade, but their impact on health care cost is largely unknown. Prescription costs in diabetic patients in primary care in Germany were evaluated (1994 -2004).RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -A total of 46,017 diabetic patients and 46,017 age-and sex-matched control subjects in 400 nationwide practices (2004) were compared with 29,956 diabetic patients and 13,226 control subjects (361 practices) in 1994 (data from IMS HEALTH). Inflation-adjusted age-and sex-standardized costs (ex-manufacturer prices) were calculated.RESULTS -Mean annual total prescription costs per diabetic patient were €559 in 2004 (€372 in 1994), equaling a 60% (standardized) increase (P Ͻ 0.01). Average costs for antidiabetic medication were €172 in 2004, a 100% increase (P Ͻ 0.01). The major antidiabetic cost factor was insulin and analogs, which accounted for 22% of total drug costs in diabetic patients in 2004 (17% in 1994). All oral antidiabetic drugs together accounted for 8% of total costs (6% in 1994). New drugs (glitazones, glinides, and insulins) accounted for 15% of total costs (40% of antidiabetic drugs) in 2004. A 40% increase (€387 vs. 286) in all non-diabetes-related drugs was due mainly to cardiovascular and lipid-lowering drugs. In nondiabetic patients, only a 30% cost increase was found (€210 vs. 147; P Ͻ 0.01).CONCLUSIONS -Prescription drug costs among diabetic patients increased 60% during the last decade, which was twofold higher than the increase in nondiabetic patients. New types of antidiabetic drugs accounted for a substantial cost share of the overproportional increase for diabetes treatment. Progress in pharmacological therapy is a key driver of drug expenditure growth in diabetes treatment. Diabetes Care 30:848 -853, 2007D uring the last decade, antidiabetic prescription patterns have become increasingly complex (1-3). This complexity is the result of both the expanding evidence obtained from major clinical trials on intensified treatment of type 2 diabetic patients (e.g., the U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study) and the launch of new medications such as human insulin analogs (4). In particular, continuously increasing prescription use of insulin was observed during the last decade in European countries (5,6). Since 1995, the number of insulin prescriptions has almost doubled in Germany (5). Currently, 27% of diabetic patients receive insulin prescriptions, based on German health insurance data (7). Among oral antidiabetic drugs, prescription use of biguanides increased fourfold during the last decade, whereas use of sulfonylureas has steadily declined (5).In most countries including Germany, the majority of diabetic patients are treated predominantly by general practitioners and internists. There has been no evaluation of current trends in prescription use and costs among diabetic patients in the German primary health care system. To our knowledge, there also has been no longitudinal cost analysis from other European countries. In 1994, we foun...

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Diabetes—prevalence and cost of illness in Germany: a study evaluating data from the statutory health insurance in Germany

Cited by 62 publications

References 24 publications

Epidemiology and cost of hospital care for Lyme borreliosis in Germany: Lessons from a health care utilization database analysis

Epidemiology and cost of hospital care for Lyme borreliosis in Germany: Lessons from a health care utilization database analysis

Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease and Associated Risk Factors, and Risk of End-Stage Renal Disease: Data from the PREVADIAB Study

Trends in Outpatient Prescription Drug Costs in Diabetic Patients in Germany, 1994–2004

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