Diabetic eye disease: A review of screening and management recommendations

Gale, Michael; Scruggs, Brittni A.; Flaxel, Christina J.

doi:10.1111/ceo.13894

Cited by 40 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…In contrast to type 2 diabetes, patients with type 1 diabetes mainly present with hyperglycemia and insulin deficiency, accounting for only 5%–10% of the total number of patients with diabetes ( 32 ). Since most patients with type 1 diabetes are younger than type 2 diabetes patients, longer-term follow-up studies are required ( 13 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New insights into the prognosis of intraocular malignancy: Interventions for association mechanisms between cancer and diabetes

et al. 2022

Front. Oncol.

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The intraocular malignancies, which mostly originate from the retina and uvea, exhibit a high incidence of blindness and even death. Uveal melanoma (UM) and retinoblastoma (RB) are the most common intraocular malignancies in adults and children, respectively. The high risks of distant metastases lead to an extremely poor prognosis. Nowadays, various epidemiological studies have demonstrated that diabetes is associated with the high incidence and mortality of cancers, such as liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, and bladder cancer. However, the mechanisms and interventions associated with diabetes and intraocular malignancies have not been reviewed. In this review, we have summarized the associated mechanisms between diabetes and intraocular malignancy. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by prolonged periods of hyperglycemia. Recent studies have reported that the abnormal glucose metabolism, insulin resistance, and the activation of the IGF/insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) signaling axis in diabetes contribute to the genesis, growth, proliferation, and metastases of intraocular malignancy. In addition, diabetic patients are more prone to suffer severe complications and poor prognosis after radiotherapy for intraocular malignancy. Based on the common pathogenesis shared by diabetes and intraocular malignancy, they may be related to interventions and treatments. Therefore, interventions targeting the abnormal glucose metabolism, insulin resistance, and IGF-1/IGF-1R signaling axis show therapeutic potentials to treat intraocular malignancy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the progression of diabetes, diabetic patients often suffer from ocular complications, such as diabetic retinopathy and macular edema, which can lead to decreased vision and metamorphopsia ( 32 ). These diabetic eye diseases also correlate to the prognosis of intraocular malignancies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New insights into the prognosis of intraocular malignancy: Interventions for association mechanisms between cancer and diabetes

et al. 2022

Front. Oncol.

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“…However, the use of metabolites in this area of treatment is relatively small compared to diabetic foot and DN. 67 At present, studies on the metabolomics of diabetic eye diseases are still in the initial stage. Through the analysis of aqueous humor, plasma, and other body fluids and related major metabolic pathways, it is slowly entering the diagnosis and treatment phase.…”

Section: Diabetic Complicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Metabolomics in Various Types of Diabetes

Liang

2022

DMSO

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Metabolomics is the analysis of numerous small molecules known as metabolites. Over the past few years, with the continuous development in metabolomics, it has been widely used in the detection, diagnosis, and treatment of diabetes and has demonstrated great benefits. At the same time, studies on diabetes and its complications have discovered the metabolic markers that are characteristic of diabetes. However, the pathogenesis of diabetes has yet to be clarified, as well as no complete cure. The mechanism of diabetes has not been completely elucidated, and its eradication treatment is not available. Thus, prevention of the onset of the disease and its treatment have become very important. In this review, we focused on the recent progress in the use of metabolites in diabetes and their complications, as well as understanding the impact of diabetes metabolites.

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“…The growth of abnormal ocular blood vessels can be handled with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) drugs [66]. Bevacizumab and ranibizumab, which are respectively full antibody and antibody fragment that bind VEGF-A, and aflibercept, a recombinant protein that traps VEGF-A and VEGF-B, are the cornerstones for the therapy of diabetes-related macular edema and retinopathy [67]. They require intravitreal injection, which is not absent of complications [68].…”

Section: Main Drug Classes and Current Administration Routesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetic eye: associated diseases, drugs in clinic, and role of self-assembled carriers in topical treatment

Kattar

Concheiro

Alvarez‐Lorenzo

2021

Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery

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Introduction: Diabetes is a pandemic disease that causes relevant ocular pathologies. Diabetic retinopathy, macular edema, cataracts, glaucoma, or keratopathy strongly impact the quality of life of the patients. In addition to glycemic control, intense research is devoted to finding more efficient ocular drugs and improved delivery systems that can overcome eye barriers. Areas covered: The aim of this review is to revisit first the role of diabetes in the development of chronic eye diseases. Then, commercially available drugs and new candidates in clinical trials are tackled together with the pros and cons of their administration routes. Subsequent sections deal with self-assembled drug carriers suitable for eye instillation combining patient-friendly administration with high ocular bioavailability. Performance of topically administered polymeric micelles, liposomes, and niosomes for the management of diabetic eye diseases is analyzed in the light of ex vivo and in vivo results and outcomes of clinical trials. Expert opinion: Self-assembled carriers are being shown useful for efficient delivery of not only a variety of small drugs but also macromolecules (e.g. antibodies) and genes. Successful design of drug carriers may offer alternatives to intraocular injections and improve the treatment of both anterior and posterior segments diabetic eye diseases.

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Diabetic eye disease: A review of screening and management recommendations

Cited by 40 publications

References 99 publications

New insights into the prognosis of intraocular malignancy: Interventions for association mechanisms between cancer and diabetes

New insights into the prognosis of intraocular malignancy: Interventions for association mechanisms between cancer and diabetes

Application of Metabolomics in Various Types of Diabetes

Diabetic eye: associated diseases, drugs in clinic, and role of self-assembled carriers in topical treatment

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