Diagenetic alteration and geochemical evolution during sandstones bleaching of deep red-bed induced by methane migration in petroliferous basins

Xie, Delu; Yao, Shuzhen; Cao, Jian; Hu, Wenxuan; Wang, Xiaolin; Zhu, Ning

doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2021.104940

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Xie et al. (2021) observed similar diagenetic changes as those documented in our study in deep red‐beds in the Ordos Basin, China, including K‐feldspar dissolution, illite and calcite precipitation, and Ti mobilization. These were interpreted as resulting from CH 4 migration.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Organic acids can readily dissociate to CO 2 and CH 4 , and several studies have suggested that CO 2 and CH 4 are the main drivers of sandstone bleaching in areas of the Colorado Plateau where solid bitumen is not observed (Loope & Kettler, 2015;Wigley et al, 2012Wigley et al, , 2013. Xie et al (2021) observed similar diagenetic changes as those documented in our study in deep red-beds in the Ordos Basin, China, including K-feldspar dissolution, illite and calcite precipitation, and Ti mobilization. These were interpreted as resulting from CH 4 migration.…”

Section: Bleaching Agentssupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reduced fluids such as liquid hydrocarbons, CH 4 , and CO 2 have been proposed as bleaching agents responsible for producing the observed variations in sandstone colors across the Colorado Plateau (e.g., Beitler et al, 2005;Chan et al, 2000;Garden et al, 2001;Gorenc & Chan, 2015;Loope et al, 2010;Wigley et al, 2012;Xie et al, 2021). Eichhubl et al (2009) suggested that reducing aqueous fluids that have been in contact with oil, rather than hydrocarbons directly, are more likely to be responsible for the bleaching due to the low solubility of hematite in oil.…”

Section: Bleaching Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characteristics and Consequences of Red Bed Bleaching by Hydrocarbon Migration: A Natural Example From the Entrada Sandstone, Southern Utah

Bailey

Drake

Whitehouse

et al. 2022

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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Extensive regions of yellow and white (“bleached”) sandstones within the terrestrial Jurassic red bed deposits of the Colorado Plateau reflect widespread interaction with subsurface reduced fluids which resulted in the dissolution of iron‐oxide grain coatings. Reduced fluids such as hydrocarbons, CO2, and organic acids have been proposed as bleaching agents. In this study, we characterize an altered section of the Slick Rock member of the Jurassic Entrada Sandstone that exposes bleached sandstone with bitumen‐saturated pore spaces. We observe differences in texture, porosity, mineralogy, and geochemistry between red, pink, yellow, and gray facies. In the bleached yellow facies we observe quartz overgrowths, partially dissolved K‐feldspar, calcite cement, fine‐grained illite, TiO2‐minerals, and pyrite concretions. Clay mineral content is highest at the margins of the bleached section. Fe2O3 concentrations are reduced up to 3× from the red to gray facies but enriched up to 50× in iron‐oxide concretions. Metals such as Zn, Pb, and rare‐earth elements are significantly enriched in the concretions. Supported by a batch geochemical model, we conclude the interaction of red sandstones with reduced hydrocarbon‐bearing fluids caused iron‐oxide and K‐feldspar dissolution, and precipitation of quartz, calcite, clay, and pyrite. Localized redistribution of iron into concretions can account for most of the iron removed during bleaching. Pyrite and carbonate stable isotopic data suggest the hydrocarbons were sourced from the Pennsylvanian Paradox Formation. Bitumen in pore spaces and pyrite precipitation formed a reductant trap required to produce Cu, U, and V enrichment in all altered facies by younger, oxidized saline brines.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Bleaching Agentssupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bleaching Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characteristics and Consequences of Red Bed Bleaching by Hydrocarbon Migration: A Natural Example From the Entrada Sandstone, Southern Utah

Bailey

Drake

Whitehouse

et al. 2022

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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“…In addition, the movement of magnesium‐rich waters from the intraformational shales and underlying sandstones into the overlying permeable limestones triggered dolomitization at shallow depths. The magnesium‐rich fluids, derived from the matrix and magnesium‐rich siderites in the sandstones, could be the source for dolomitization (McNeil, Shaw, & Rankin, 1995; Xie et al, 2021). Because the isotopic studies of pervasively dolomitized beds lie within the Jurassic marine signatures of the Tethys Sea, it has probably been derived from sea water or modified sea water (Shah et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The physical and geochemical character of the post‐depositional alterations in the Early‐Middle Jurassic carbonates on the western margin of the Indian Plate: Implications for cement morphologies and dolomitization

Saboor

Wang

et al. 2022

Geological Journal

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The physical and geochemical character of the post‐depositional changes present in the Early‐Middle Jurassic carbonate‐dominated units (Samana Suk, Shinawari, Chiltan and Loralai formations) of the Indus Basin, Pakistan have been addressed. The study is based on 11 sections along a N‐S transect on the western margin of the Indian Plate to provide an insight into the nature of cementation and dolomitization behavior by using an integrated petrographic and geochemical analysis. The carbonates located in the northern proximity are dominated by the eogenetic signatures of hardgrounds, biogenic micritization, and iron‐containing burrows. The pattern and yellowish‐brown coloration of the burrows is distinct, and shows a positive relationship with the Fe, Si, Al, K, Mn concentrations, and meteoric phase. The transition from the Early to Middle Jurassic is marked by a correspondent increase in the dolomitization and bioturbation but its intensity decreases from north to the south. The packing index and marine phreatic environments generally increase towards the south. The planar‐s to planar‐e protodolomite and dolomite proper have particularly targeted the micritic facies and allochems, courtesy of retaining high‐magnesian calcite waters, and the geochemical analysis also reveals some dedolomitization, associated with sequence boundaries. The pore occluding cements of the Samana Suk and Chiltan formations are Fe deficient and have low Sr and Mn levels, as compared to the Shinawari Formation. The latter has an elevated concentration of Fe, Mg, Si, Al, Sr, Mn, and the Fe + Mn versus Sr relationship and Mn* values suggest that cementation dominantly occurred in the oxic‐dysoxic zones of sub‐tropical climate.

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Paleoclimate quantitative reconstruction and characteristics of continental red beds: a case study of the lower fourth sub-member of Shahejie Formation in the Bonan Sag

Wang

et al. 2023

J Petrol Explor Prod Technol

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Varied origins have the ability to construct the continental red beds, such as paleoclimate, provenance, drainage status, etc. Reconstructing paleoclimate is the key to investigate the origin. Thus, this paper outlines the normal distribution constrained method (NDCM) to reconstruct paleoclimate quantitatively and accurately during the lower fourth sub-member of Shahejie (Es4x) in the Bonan Sag, which is in low requirement of data and environmental conditions. Based on the NDCM, the paleoclimate is still in a long-term arid background as the potential evapotranspiration rates (PERs) are larger than 6 in the transgressive system tract (TST) and regressive system tract (RST) during the period of Es4x. The decreasing PERs that range from 6.28 to 6.04, decreasing atmospheric temperature range from 14.37 to 13.95 °C and increasing mean precipitation of the wettest month and mean precipitation of the driest month indicate the paleoclimate is breaking away from the hot and arid background from TST to RST. Meanwhile, the paleoclimate fluctuation develops decreasing frequency and increasing amplitude which can be inferred from the increasing standard deviation (std), Th/K and Th/U curves. The hot and arid background is still the main origin of red color during the Es4x. Moreover, the other origin may also develop since there is no clear law between red coloration and the developing location of sediments.

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Diagenetic alteration and geochemical evolution during sandstones bleaching of deep red-bed induced by methane migration in petroliferous basins

Cited by 10 publications

References 44 publications

Characteristics and Consequences of Red Bed Bleaching by Hydrocarbon Migration: A Natural Example From the Entrada Sandstone, Southern Utah

Characteristics and Consequences of Red Bed Bleaching by Hydrocarbon Migration: A Natural Example From the Entrada Sandstone, Southern Utah

The physical and geochemical character of the post‐depositional alterations in the Early‐Middle Jurassic carbonates on the western margin of the Indian Plate: Implications for cement morphologies and dolomitization

Paleoclimate quantitative reconstruction and characteristics of continental red beds: a case study of the lower fourth sub-member of Shahejie Formation in the Bonan Sag

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