Diagenetic evolution sequence and pore evolution model of Mesoproterozoic Xiamaling organic-rich shale in Zhangjiakou, Hebei, based on pyrolysis simulation experiments

Xu, Liangwei; Yang, Keji; Wei, Hao; Liu, Luofu; Li, Xiao; Chen, Lei; Xu, Tao; Wang, Ximeng

doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2021.105233

Cited by 22 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…As the thermal evolution progresses and continues to R o = ∼1.4%, the PV and SSA of micropores and mesopores tended to increase, on the one hand, due to the cracking of asphalt and the release of hydrocarbons. , On the other hand, the large amount of hydrocarbons generated from OM produced overpressure, when the internal pressure of the pore space exceeded the external pressure, which increased the PV within the shale and protected the pore space. , With the increase of hydrocarbon generation capacity and storage space, the porosity and oil content of the samples tended to increase. When R o > ∼1.4%, the process of OM entering into petroleum cracking gas, during which many pores were formed, resulting in the continuous increase of the PV and SSA of mesopores and macropores in GK shale, kerogen adhered to the mineral surface as a residue (Figure h). When the kerogen is exhausted, the previously formed OM pores were replaced by inorganic pores, and the formed overpressure environment began to “depressurize” the nearby connected pores due to compaction, shale oil in the “depressurize” process was continuously transported to other reservoirs, resulting in a reduction in oil content …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When the TOC exceeded a threshold, the higher TOC can decrease the PV ( Figure 12 a,b), Milliken et al and Xu et al also obtained the same understanding. 44 , 45 These researchers indicated that the TOC was related to the extent of OM pore development. In the medium–high maturity stage, the TOC in the shale is usually less than that of low maturity and immaturity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unfortunately, this phenomenon is not found in the GK shale, and there is little correlation between PV and TOC (Figure 12a). By comparing the TOC of other areas 4,34,44,45 and the GK shale, it was found that the study area was dominated by middle-high maturity development. The TOC content of shale had a small distribution range, mainly concentrated in 1−3 wt %, and the correlation may be difficult to show.…”

Section: Evolution Characteristics Of Om Pores and Relationship Betwe...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pore Structure Characteristics and Affecting Factors of Shale in the First Member of the Qingshankou Formation in the Gulong Sag, Songliao Basin

Wang

et al. 2022

ACS Omega

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A major historical breakthrough has been made in the exploration of the GK (the first member of the Qingshankou Formation (K2qn 1 ), Gulong Sag) shale oil of the Songliao Basin. However, few reports have been reported on the pore structure characteristics of this large-scale lacustrine medium−high maturity shale. In addition, the difference between the pore structure characteristics of the GK shale and medium−low maturity marine/ continental shale is unknown, and the affecting factors of pore development are still unclear. Therefore, in order to clarify the pore structure characteristics of the GK shale and its affecting factors, this study characterized them experimentally and revealed the law of pore evolution using the mineral composition and geochemical analysis, microscopic observations, and pore quantification techniques. Results indicate that (1) the pore system of GK shale reservoirs is divided into micropores (pore diameter < 10 nm), mesopores (10 nm < pore diameter < 50 nm), and macropores (pore diameter > 50 nm); (2) the pore structure of the GK shale is mainly affected by the clay content, siliceous mineral content, and thermal maturity; and (3) when the content of clay minerals and siliceous minerals in the GK shale reservoir is high, and ∼0.8% < R o < ∼1.4%, the storage capacity and oil content of the GK shale show high values, and it can be considered as a strong candidate for further exploration and development. This research can push the shale oil revolution to a new height and is significant to promote the development of the petroleum industry.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Evolution Characteristics Of Om Pores and Relationship Betwe...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pore Structure Characteristics and Affecting Factors of Shale in the First Member of the Qingshankou Formation in the Gulong Sag, Songliao Basin

Wang

et al. 2022

ACS Omega

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“…Pore evolution mode in shale matrix and clay minerals under different diagenesis stages. Modified with permission from refs , , and − . Copyrights 2022 and 2021 Elsevier and Springer.…”

Section: Diagenetic Evolution and Its Influence On Clay Adsorption Ca...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the Effect of Diagenetic Evolution of Shale Reservoir on the Pore Structure and Adsorption Capacity of Clay Minerals

et al. 2022

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This Review summarizes the diagenetic evolution of clay mineral structure and pores in shale gas reservoirs. In the early diagenetic stage and in period A of the middle diagenetic stage, the intergranular and intragranular pores of clay minerals were altered by mechanical and chemical compaction, and V L (Langmuir volume) shows a positive linear correlation with clay content. In period B of the middle diagenetic stage and late diagenetic stage, intergranular pores almost disappeared, clay adsorption capacity significantly decreased, and there was a lack of apparent correlation between V L and clay content. Experimental and molecular simulations of clay adsorption capacity in shale are limited due to several drawbacks. (i) Shale samples in different diagenetic stages were characterized by strong heterogeneity, which affected the reliability of the evolution results of clay adsorption capacity. (ii) The method of selecting clay-rich shale samples, extracting clay minerals from shale, or applying pure clay minerals ignored the difference of diagenetic background, the damage of pores and structure of clay minerals, or the support of brittle minerals to shale pore system. (iii) Molecular simulation mostly employed a simplified plate model or single clay mineral model, which oversimplified the structure and diversity of clay minerals in real shale gas reservoirs. Therefore, innovative experimental simulations on the effect of diagenetic evolution on pore structure and adsorption capacity of clay minerals are necessary, which need to comprehensively weigh the combined effect of time and space on the reservoir diagenetic evolution. Besides, the visualization of shale structure, adsorption process, and CH 4 adsorption behavior of the shale constituents may help our understanding. Furthermore, a more accurate model of the molecular structure of clay minerals is indispensable, especially the dynamic evolution model with different water contents.

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“…Deep fluids beneath the basement of a basin migrate to the interior of the basin and often have organic and inorganic physicochemical interactions with the surrounding rocks or fluids in that basin (Liu et al, 2019(Liu et al, , 2020. In particular, the thermal effect of deep fluids promotes shale hydrocarbon generation and reservoir development (Li et al, 2016;Xu et al, 2021;Pan et al, 2022), locally changing the characteristics of conventional oil and gas geochemical indicators. Dyke intrusion is an important part of deep fluid in sedimentary basins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Process and Mechanisms of Deep Fluid Effects on Hydrocarbon Generation and Pore Space in Shale: A Case Study from the Mesoproterozoic Xiamaling Formation in the Zhaojiashan Section

Meng

Pang

et al. 2022

Acta Geologica Sinica (Eng)

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Heat carried by deep fluid might greatly affect hydrocarbon generation and pore space in shale. Dyke intrusion carrying high levels of heat may be a means by which to explore the influence of deep fluid on shale reservoirs. This study evaluates hydrocarbon generation and analyzed the evolution of shale storage space in the third member of the Xiamaling Formation in the Zhaojiashan section, Hebei Province, based on experimental data such as TOC, SEM, VRo, lowtemperature N 2 adsorption and high-pressure mercury injection. The results show that the dyke intrusion reduced the shale TOC content drastically-by up to 77%-and also induced instantaneous hydrocarbon generation over a range about 1.4 times the thickness of the intrusion. Furthermore, the dyke intrusion might transform organic pores in surrounding shales into inorganic pores. There were two shale porosity peaks: one appeared when VRo = 2.0%, caused by the increase of organic pores as thermal maturity increased, the other occurred when the VRo value was between 3% and 4%, caused by the increase of inorganic mineral pores. It can be concluded that dyke intrusion can be an effective tool with which to study how deep fluid affects instantaneous hydrocarbon generation and pore space in shale.

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Diagenetic evolution sequence and pore evolution model of Mesoproterozoic Xiamaling organic-rich shale in Zhangjiakou, Hebei, based on pyrolysis simulation experiments

Cited by 22 publications

References 43 publications

Pore Structure Characteristics and Affecting Factors of Shale in the First Member of the Qingshankou Formation in the Gulong Sag, Songliao Basin

Pore Structure Characteristics and Affecting Factors of Shale in the First Member of the Qingshankou Formation in the Gulong Sag, Songliao Basin

Review of the Effect of Diagenetic Evolution of Shale Reservoir on the Pore Structure and Adsorption Capacity of Clay Minerals

Process and Mechanisms of Deep Fluid Effects on Hydrocarbon Generation and Pore Space in Shale: A Case Study from the Mesoproterozoic Xiamaling Formation in the Zhaojiashan Section

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