Diagnosis and Management of Coccidioidomycosis

Gabe, Luke; Malo, Joshua; Knox, Kenneth S.

doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2017.04.005

Cited by 46 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 121 publications

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“…Studies often do not specify if diagnosis was made in the context of CAP. Serological methods, including ID, CF, and EIA, provide the laboratory basis for diagnosis in most cases ( 92 ), but they may provide false-negative findings in immunocompromised patients ( 88 , 89 , 93 ) as well as during the first few months after acute infection ( 94 , 95 ). Serological testing for CAP in Coccidioides endemic areas is surprisingly uncommon ( 93 ).…”

Section: Recommendations For Specific Diagnostic Questionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiological Laboratory Testing in the Diagnosis of Fungal Infections in Pulmonary and Critical Care Practice. An Official American Thoracic Society Clinical Practice Guideline

Hage¹,

Carmona²,

Epelbaum³

et al. 2019

Am J Respir Crit Care Med

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146

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Background: Fungal infections are of increasing incidence and importance in immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients. Timely diagnosis relies on appropriate use of laboratory testing in susceptible patients. Methods: The relevant literature related to diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, invasive candidiasis, and the common endemic mycoses was systematically reviewed. Meta-analysis was performed when appropriate. Recommendations were developed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach. Results: This guideline includes specific recommendations on the use of galactomannan testing in serum and BAL and for the diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, the role of PCR in the diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, the role of β- d -glucan assays in the diagnosis of invasive candidiasis, and the application of serology and antigen testing in the diagnosis of the endemic mycoses. Conclusions: Rapid, accurate diagnosis of fungal infections relies on appropriate application of laboratory testing, including antigen testing, serological testing, and PCR-based assays.

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Section: Recommendations For Specific Diagnostic Questionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiological Laboratory Testing in the Diagnosis of Fungal Infections in Pulmonary and Critical Care Practice. An Official American Thoracic Society Clinical Practice Guideline

Hage¹,

Carmona²,

Epelbaum³

et al. 2019

Am J Respir Crit Care Med

Self Cite

146

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Typically, coccidioidomycosis presents as a community-acquired pneumonia, but in 1% of patients, coccidioides can affect any other organ or tissue; this last condition is known as disseminated or extrapulmonary coccidioidomycosis. Remarkably, 99% of patients with a disseminated form of the disease are immunocompromised 6 . The main risk factors are corticosteroid therapy, organ transplantation, hematogenous malignancy, chronic renal disease, chronic liver disease and pregnancy 3 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tumor of the epididymis: an uncommon presentation of disseminated coccidioidomycosis

Jiménez-Castillo

Gómez-Quiroz

Carrizales-Sepúlveda

et al. 2020

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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“…Standardized tests are available to diagnose Coccidioides infection. The test of choice will depend on clinical circumstances 14 . Most outpatients suspected of having CDM can be evaluated by serological tests such as enzyme immunoassays (EIA) for specific anti-IgM and anti-IgG detection 14 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The test of choice will depend on clinical circumstances 14 . Most outpatients suspected of having CDM can be evaluated by serological tests such as enzyme immunoassays (EIA) for specific anti-IgM and anti-IgG detection 14 . The use of molecular techniques allows the genotyping of Coccidioides isolates, improving the understanding of their mode of reproduction, genetic variation and speciation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most Coccidioides infections are not treated in hospitals or other health facilities because most people have subclinical manifestations and do not seek medical attention 15 . For those who develop a primary clinical infection, it manifests most frequently as pneumonia about 7 to 21 days after exposure 14 . The most common symptoms are chest pain, cough and fever, which were reported by our patients 1 and 2, as well as fever, night sweats and weight loss 2 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coccidioidomycosis: first cases reported in Pernambuco, Brazil

Araújo

Souza

Oliveira

et al. 2018

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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Coccidioidomycosis is a fungal infection caused by Coccidioides immitis or Coccidioides posadasii. These fungi are known to thrive in desert climate. Fungi produce infectious arthroconidia in soil, they are aerosolized in the air and when inhaled by humans, usually cause infections such as pneumonia. The first cases of coccidioidomycosis in Brazil were reported in 1978. Since then, there have been other reports mainly from desert regions of Northeastern Brazil. The present report describes three cases of coccidioidomycosis on male farmers from Serra Talhada county, Pernambuco State, who developed pneumonia and were subsequently diagnosed with pulmonary coccidioidomycosis. These three farmers were successfully treated with oral fluconazole. They reported having hunted armadillos in a rural and arid area of Pernambuco State. Armadillos are known to be carriers of Coccidioides. This is the first report of infection caused by Coccidioides in Pernambuco State, Brazil.

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Diagnosis and Management of Coccidioidomycosis

Cited by 46 publications

References 121 publications

Microbiological Laboratory Testing in the Diagnosis of Fungal Infections in Pulmonary and Critical Care Practice. An Official American Thoracic Society Clinical Practice Guideline

Microbiological Laboratory Testing in the Diagnosis of Fungal Infections in Pulmonary and Critical Care Practice. An Official American Thoracic Society Clinical Practice Guideline

Tumor of the epididymis: an uncommon presentation of disseminated coccidioidomycosis

Coccidioidomycosis: first cases reported in Pernambuco, Brazil

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