Diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer in pregnant women

Abstract

In recent years, the incidence of gynecological malignant tumors during pregnancy has increased, mainly due to the increased number of old age pregnancy. The most common gynecological malignant tumors in pregnancy are cervical cancer, accounting for 71.6%, followed by ovarian malignant tumors, accounting for 7.0%. The incidence of cervical cancer in pregnancy is itself not very high, and the symptoms are easily confused with other diseases in pregnancy. During pregnancy, gynecological examination is limited, and therefore, the rate of misdiagnosis is higher. The treatment of cervical cancer during pregnancy is related to many factors, such as tumor size, pathological type, period of gestation, lymph node involvement, and patients' willingness to maintain pregnancy. As a reason of these factors, it is difficult to determine the optimal treatment. This article reviews the research progress on the diagnosis and treatment principles of cervical cancer in pregnancy, in order to strike a balance between effective treatment of tumors and protection of fetal health, and avoid delays in treatment and preterm delivery.

Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Cervix in Pregnancy: A Case Report

“…DISCUSSION Pregnancy combined with the neoplastic disease is extreme lyrics. However, the most common malignancy during pregnancy is cervical cancer (Beharee et al, 2019;Creasman, 2001). About 1% to 3% of women diagnosed with cervical cancer are pregnant, half of the use cases are diagnosed prenatally, and the other half are diagnosed 12 months after birth (Beharee et al, 2019).…”

“…However, the most common malignancy during pregnancy is cervical cancer (Beharee et al, 2019;Creasman, 2001). About 1% to 3% of women diagnosed with cervical cancer are pregnant, half of the use cases are diagnosed prenatally, and the other half are diagnosed 12 months after birth (Beharee et al, 2019). Cervical cancer is one of the most common malignancies in pregnancy, with an estimated incidence of 0.8 to 1.5 cases per 10 000 births (Beharee et al, 2019;Duggan et al, 1993).…”

“…About 1% to 3% of women diagnosed with cervical cancer are pregnant, half of the use cases are diagnosed prenatally, and the other half are diagnosed 12 months after birth (Beharee et al, 2019). Cervical cancer is one of the most common malignancies in pregnancy, with an estimated incidence of 0.8 to 1.5 cases per 10 000 births (Beharee et al, 2019;Duggan et al, 1993). Тhe predominant histological type is squamous cell carcinoma, followed by more rare types: adenosquamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma (Duggan et al, 1993).…”

Nonlinear Optics with Near-Infrared Excitation Enable Real-Time Quantitative Diagnosis of Human Cervical Cancers

“…Although histopathology is necessary to confirm the cancer diagnosis, the conventional biopsy method targeting cervical neoplasms shows inadequate sensitivity and specificity (5) for the reasons mentioned above. Furthermore, when patients are suspected to have cervical cancer during pregnancy (8,9), the invasive procedure of cervical biopsy is not feasible.…”

Cervical diseases in pregnant women. Socio-demographic and clinical-anamnestic risk factors

“…Во время беременности активизируется процесс метаплазии цервикального эпителия, которая является объектом для ВПЧ. Повышенная чувствительность эпителия ШМ к вирусу папилломы человека (ВПЧ) у беременных связана с влиянием эстрогенов и прогестерона, которые увеличивают экспрессию ВПЧ 16-го типа, а также с особенностями иммунного гомеостаза во время беременности [3].…”