Diagnosis and treatment of iliac vein stenosis

Abstract

Stenosis of the iliac veins is common in patients with chronic venous insufficiency. The article describes the methods for the diagnosis and treatment of iliac vein stenosis. The causes of iliac vein stenosis include extravasal compression or the consequences of ileofemoral thrombosis. Stenosis of the iliac veins exists in 1/4 of the entire adult population, but clinical manifestations do not occur in all patients. Stenosis of the iliac veins should be considered in case of an unknown edema, more often in the left lower extremity, since venous duplex ultrasound of lower extremities is not sensitive and specific enough when examining the veins above the inguinal ligament. The most accurate diagnostic method is intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) but the appeared computed tomography angiography (CTA) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) with high-quality images have become a good replacement for IVUS. The main method of treatment of iliac vein stenosis, besides stenting, isindispensable drug therapy consisting of antithrombotic and phlebotonic drugs.

Application of CT Scan in Diagnosis of Iliac-Femoral Vein Thrombosis after Hip Replacement

“…Gitelzon et al said that in recent years, with the rapid development of expressways and railways, cars and electric vehicles have increased dramatically, and people's lifestyles have changed. These factors lead to an increase in the incidence of car accidents, joint injury and joint disease, and the deterioration of patients' joint function, leading to the reduction of patients' quality of life [ 1 ]. Is et al said a study shows that joint replacement is on the rise, increasing by 11 percent a year in Europe and the United States and in China, too [ 2 ].…”

“…The main possibilities are as follows: indirect injury of bone cement during surgery, thermal injury, infection, and chemical injury. Gitelzon et al said that the thermal effect of cement can cause blood vessel damage and exogenous clotting when it is filled with cement [ 1 ]. In addition, the above mentioned local tissue metabolic waste retention of different degrees of hypoxia and abnormal cell metabolism caused by local and systemic slow blood flow of the affected limb can also lead to intima vein injury.…”