Diagnosis of Acute Leukemia by Flowcytometry in Population of Tripura, North - East India

Abstract

The aim of this study was to diagnose acute leukemia in the population of Tripura using 3-lasers 7-color Flowcytometer. Immunophenotyping was done on peripheral blood samples of acute leukemia cases, by using 2-tube basic AML antibody panel. Samples collected from Regional Cancer Centre, Agartala included in this study 15 Acute Leukemia cases, reported during 2013 & 2014. Among them, 4 were ALL and 11 were AML cases. Out of 15 cases, 12 were adults (9 men and 3 women ranging from 17 to 77 years of age) and 3 were from pediatric patients. A strong correlation (r=0.92) is obtained between the blast cell count by microscopy &flowcytometry. Moreover, this Immunophenotyping procedure on peripheral blood samples also allowed an efficient discrimination between the various cell lineages and facilitated the accurate leukemic blast cell percentage.

To Study Clinical and Hematological Profile of Patients with Acute Leukemia at Tertiary Care Centre in North India

“…Morphological, Immunophenotyping and cytogenetic studies are helpful in confirming diagnosis and risk stratification. 4,5 In AML there is proliferation of leukemic cells along with bone marrow failure resulting in decreased number of normal cells and clinical manifestations. Infilitration by leukemic cells leads to organomagaly including splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, gum hypertrophy and skin infiltrates.…”

“…Anemia, neutropenia and thrombocytopenia due to bone marrow failure lead to clinical manifestations including fatigue, weakness, palpitations and dyspnea on exertion depending upon extent of underlying disease. Bleeding diathesis and coagulopathy presents as easy bruising, petechiae, epistaxis, prolonged bleeding from skin injuries 5,6 . Diagnosis of acute leukemia is made by presence of 20% or more blasts in bone marrow or peripheral blood film and AML by demonstrating the myeloperoxidase activity, immunophenotyping or presence of Auer rods for myeloid origin.…”

“…Easy bruising, petechiae, epistaxis, gingival bleeding, conjunctival hemorrhages, and prolonged bleeding from skin injuries reflect thrombocytopenia and represent early manifestations of the disease. 4,5 Blood counts vary widely among patients with AML. The leukocyte count is elevated in more than one half of patients but is >100,000 cells/mm 3 in <20%.…”