Diagnosis of Hepatitis A, B, and C Using Oral Samples

Piacentini, Stephen; Thieme, Thomas R.; Beller, Michael; Davidson, Sandra

doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb18382.x

Cited by 22 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Regarding detection of IgM anti-HBc, Piacentini et al (1993), in agreement with our results, demonstrated 100% of sensitivity and specificity in samples obtained from hepatitis patients, suggesting that oral fluid might be used in detecting actual or recent HBV infection. IgM antiHBc, a marker indicative of recent infection, was detected in 5.26% of subjects, with a sensitivity and specificity of 100%.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The sensitivity was similar to other study testing oral fluid samples with sensitivity of 82% and specificity of 100% (Oba et al 2000). To IgM anti-HAV, some studies demonstrated greater sensitivity (100%) but lower specificity (100 vs 98%) than that reported in the present study (Piacentini et al 1993, WHO 2000a. These discrepancies could be related to the larger samples tested here giving more concise results, since previous studies were conducted in populations small in size.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

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Detection of hepatitis A, B, and C virus-specific antibodies using oral fluid for epidemiological studies

Amado

Villar

Paula

et al. 2006

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Detection of hepatitis A, B, and C virus-specific antibodies using oral fluid for epidemiological studies

Amado

Villar

Paula

et al. 2006

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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“…Previous studies demonstrated that saliva can be used as an alternative for serum for identification of HBV carriers [Feinman et al, 1975;Ben Aryeh et al, 1985;Clemmons et al, 1993;Piacentini et al, 1993;Chaita et al, 1995;Richards et al, 1996;Noppornpanth et al, 2000]. Different study groups also reported detection of HBsAg in saliva [Piacentini et al, 1993;Chaita et al, 1995;Richards et al, 1996;Noppornpanth et al, 2000;Zhevachevsky et al, 2000].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Oral fluid as a medium for the detection of hepatitis B surface antigen

Hutse

Verhaegen

Cock

et al. 2005

Journal of Medical Virology

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Currently viral antigens and antibodies are detected by traditional serological tests. However, the introduction of oral fluid as an alternative medium would allow other alternatives. The collection of oral fluid is, in comparison with venepuncture, less invasive, less painful, less expensive (i.e., no trained personal required), and safe (prevention of needle stick injuries). Also large numbers of samples can be collected easily for epidemiological purposes. Forty-three HBsAg positive and seventy-three HBsAg negative paired serum/oral fluid samples were tested. They were collected from patients attending university hospitals. The oral fluid samples were collected using the Oracol collection device and they were subjected to an IgG quantification assay to ensure their quality and quantity. The detection of HBsAg in oral fluid was carried out using a modified ETI-MAK-4 ELISA. The validation of this oral fluid test gave a sensitivity and specificity of 90.7% and 100%, respectively. The modified ETI-MAK-4 ELISA is a suitable test for oral fluid samples collected by the Oracol collection device for epidemiological purposes.

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“…The use of oral¯uid, a mixture of gingival crevical uid and saliva secretion, has been suggested as an alternative to serum IgG antibodies testing for the following viruses: human immunode®ciency virus (HIV) [Schneider et al, 1998], rubella [Saleh, 1991;Vyse et al, 1999], measles [Brown et al, 1994], hepatitis A,B,C [Sherman et al, 1994;Piacentini et al, 1995;Elsana et al, 1998;Roy et al, 1998], and as an alternative to serum IgA antibody testing for mumps and measles viruses [Friedman et al, 1983], HIV [Yasuda et al, 1998], polioviruses [Zaman et al, 1991], and rotavirus [Friedman et al, 1993].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epstein‐Barr virus specific salivary antibodies as related to stress caused by examinations

Sarid

Anson

Yaari

et al. 2001

Journal of Medical Virology

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Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is prevalent in 90% of the population. After primary infection it remains in a latent state and the majority of the virus carriers are asymptomatic during their life. Among the immunocompromized patients such as organ and bone marrow transplant recipients, individuals lacking T cell immunity, and patients treated with corticosteroid, cancer, and AIDS patients EBV primary infection and reactivation can cause life threatening diseases. Immunosupression may occur also during stressful events, which induce corticosteroid release and thus activate EBV. The effect of examination stress on EBV reactivation among female students was studied by detecting the values of EBV specific IgG and IgA salivary antibodies. Sequential saliva samples were obtained from first year female students before, during, and after two important examinations. EBV specific IgG and IgA salivary antibodies were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Hepatitis A virus (HAV) salivary antibodies served as a non-latent virus control. A statistically significant increase in the values of EBV specific IgG and IgA antibodies was detected in samples collected during the examinations, as compared to the samples collected two months before and one month after the exams (P < 0.05). HAV antibody levels did not change significantly between the four time points. The menstrual cycle had no significant effect on the results. No significant symptoms were reported during the whole study. These results indicate that among female students who endure stress during academic examinations, a significant increase in EBV specific IgG and IgA salivary antibody values could be detected. EBV reactivation should be confirmed by measuring salivary EBV DNA or infectious virus.

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Diagnosis of Hepatitis A, B, and C Using Oral Samples

Cited by 22 publications

References 5 publications

Detection of hepatitis A, B, and C virus-specific antibodies using oral fluid for epidemiological studies

Detection of hepatitis A, B, and C virus-specific antibodies using oral fluid for epidemiological studies

Oral fluid as a medium for the detection of hepatitis B surface antigen

Epstein‐Barr virus specific salivary antibodies as related to stress caused by examinations

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