DIAGNOSIS OF <i>TRITRICHOMONAS FOETUS</i> INFECTION IN BULLS USING TWO SAMPLING METHODS AND A TRANSPORT MEDIUM*

Tedesco, Lucas; Errico, F.; Baglivi, L. P. Del

doi:10.1111/j.1751-0813.1979.tb00418.x

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…During sample collection a brush is inserted into the prepuce and scraped back and forth 15-20 times. Scrapings accumulated in grooves are washed off and collected (Parker et al, 1999;Tedesco et al, 1979). A plastic version of this cylinder brusher is also available (Mendoza-Ibarra et al, 2012).…”

Section: Sampling Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After being held at 4 u C for 6 or 24 h postcollection, 78.6 and 80 % of washes and 85.7 and 80 % of scrapes tested positive by culture (Irons et al, 2002). Samples collected by scraping and washing were 97.9, 83.3 and 70.8 % and 98, 96 and 90 % positive, respectively, by culture after being held at 4-7 u C for 24, 48 and 72 h (Tedesco et al, 1979). When samples were tested by gel-PCR after being stored at 4 u C for 6 h, 30 h or 5 days, wash samples yielded 90, 69 and 63 %, and scraping samples yielded 83, 62 and 41 %, respectively (Mukhufhi et al, 2003).…”

Section: Number and Interval Of Samplingsmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Diagnosis of Tritrichomonas foetus-infected bulls, an ultimate approach to eradicate bovine trichomoniasis in US cattle?

Yao

2013

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Diagnosis ofBovine trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted protozoan disease with a worldwide distribution. It has been endemic in the USA for more than 80 years. Mississippi and all the states west of the Mississippi River, except Iowa and Minnesota, have rules/regulations to reduce the spread of the disease. The core of these regulations consists of testing bulls and prohibiting importation of nonTritrichomonas foetus-free bulls. Factors such as sampling methods and intervals, shipping medium and temperature, and testing techniques are reviewed for their effect on diagnostic accuracy. Finally, a comprehensive approach for controlling and eventually eradicating the disease is presented.

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Section: Sampling Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Number and Interval Of Samplingsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Diagnosis of Tritrichomonas foetus-infected bulls, an ultimate approach to eradicate bovine trichomoniasis in US cattle?

Yao

2013

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…At present, the diagnosis of trichomoniasis is based primarily on the identification of flagellated T. foetus parasites, by microscopic examination, in preputial scrapings or washings from bulls or cervicovaginal secretions from female cattle. Often, the number of trichomonads in these samples from infected cattle is relatively low and the parasites generally must be grown in culture before they reach detectable numbers (7,22,46). Diagnostic sensitivity can be improved 10 to 48% if the samples are placed in special medium and cultured in the laboratory for 2 to 5 days (15,27,41,42).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of bovine trichomoniasis with a specific DNA probe and PCR amplification system

Conrad

et al. 1994

J Clin Microbiol

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Trichomoniasis is a widespread, economically important venereal disease of cattle which causes infertility and abortion. Effective control of trichomoniasis has been impeded by the insensitivity of traditional diagnostic procedures, which require the isolation and cultivation of the parasite, 7Titrichomonasfoetus, from infected cattle. We developed a 0.85-kb T.foetus DNA probe by identifying conserved sequences in DNAs from T.foetus that were isolated from cattle in California, Idaho, Nevada, and Costa Rica. The probe hybridized specifically to DNAs of T. foetus isolates from different geographic areas but not to DNA preparations of Trichomonas vaginalis, bovine cells, or a variety of bacteria from cattle. The probe detected DNA from a minimum of i05 T.foetus organisms. To improve sensitivity, a partial sequence of the probe was used to identify oligonucleotide primers (TF1 and TF2) which could be used to amplify a 162-bp product from T. foetus DNAs by PCR. A chemiluminescent internal T. foetus sequence probe was hybridized to Southern blots of the amplification product. This system detected as few as one T. foetus organism in culture media or 10 parasites in samples containing bovine preputial smegma. Analysis of 52 clinical samples showed that 47 (90.4%) of the 52 samples were correctly identified, with no false-positive reactions. In comparison, the traditional cultivation method detected 44 (84.6%) of the 52 samples from T. foetus-infected and uninfected bulls. These results indicate that the PCR-based amplification system could be a useful alternative method for the diagnosis of bovine trichomoniasis.

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“…Most research relevant to the sensitivity of the diagnostic test for T foetus in bulls has been based upon repeatedly sampling bulls which were persistently infected with T foetus. The percentage overall sensitivities were calculated from the ratio of the total number of positive cultures/total number of cultures from the positive bulls, and ranged from 70·4 per cent to 100 per cent (Clark and others 1971, Tedesco and others 1979, Kimsey and others 1980, Skirrow and others 1985, Schönmann and others 1994, Peter and others 1995). The sensitivity based upon a single test varied between 44·4 per cent and 100 per cent (Kimsey and others 1980, Peter and others 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of temperature on the survival of Tritrichomonas foetus in transport, Diamond's and InPouch TF media

1999

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The abilities of two isolates of Tritrichomonas foetus to survive and replicate in transport and Diamond's medium or in the InPouch TF system (Bio-Med Diagnostics) when exposed to different temperatures for different periods were determined in a series of experiments. Tubes containing thioglycollate transport medium or pouches were inoculated with 4000 to 5000 organisms and kept for up to seven days at 37 degrees C, 22 degrees C, 4 degrees C, or -20 degrees C. When the holding time had elapsed, the numbers of motile T foetus were counted. Samples in transport medium were transferred to Diamond's medium, and both the pouches and tubes containing Diamond's medium were incubated at 37 degrees C. The cultures were examined and counted four or five times during the 10 to 14 day culture period. The sensitivity of the test under the different conditions, expressed as the number of positive cultures/the total number of samples x 100, varied from zero to 100 per cent depending upon the combination of variables considered. In each medium, with both isolates of T foetus, all samples kept for up to four days at 22 degrees C or 37 degrees C were positive. All cultures of samples kept more than five days at 4 degrees C were negative. No positive cultures were detected when samples were kept more than three hours at -20 degrees C. The day on which the cultures reached mean peak concentration varied with the temperature at which the samples had been kept before they were cultured.

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DIAGNOSIS OF TRITRICHOMONAS FOETUS INFECTION IN BULLS USING TWO SAMPLING METHODS AND A TRANSPORT MEDIUM*

Cited by 15 publications

References 4 publications

Diagnosis of Tritrichomonas foetus-infected bulls, an ultimate approach to eradicate bovine trichomoniasis in US cattle?

Diagnosis of Tritrichomonas foetus-infected bulls, an ultimate approach to eradicate bovine trichomoniasis in US cattle?

Detection of bovine trichomoniasis with a specific DNA probe and PCR amplification system

Effects of temperature on the survival of Tritrichomonas foetus in transport, Diamond's and InPouch TF media

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