Diagnosis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis on cytological examination of cerebrospinal fluid: Report of the first case

Abstract

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a disease of unknown etiology characterized by a proliferation of histiocytic cells resembling dendritic Langerhans cells. LCH can be unifocal or multifocal, with one-or many-organ involvement. The serous fluids are rarely involved. Cytological diagnosis of LCH is possible and relies on recognition of the typical cytomorphological features and subsequent immunocytochemical confirmation. Given the possibility of multisystem involvement, after diagnosing LCH it is necessary to carry out staging exams such as a bone survey, abdominal ultrasound, complete blood count, screening for diabetes insipidus and pulmonary function tests.We present the first case of LCH where the diagnosis was reached on cytological material from the cerebrospinal fluid. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first such case reported in the international literature to date. The morphological and immunocytochemical characteristics of our case are described, and the relevant literature is reviewed

Cytopathological differential diagnosis of malignant tumor cells in the cerebrospinal fluid: A retrospective analysis

“…Langerhans cell histiocytosis was also included among the hematological neoplasms, and was diagnosed once in this series 11,20 . Specifically, this case involves a 45‐year‐old man from North Africa, and it has been further documented elsewhere 11 (Serial no. 13).…”

“…Here, again, the most commonly encountered problem is the scarcity of material on which to perform ICC assays. One possible solution is repurposing the slides that were originally Papanicolaou‐stained to perform ICC 11 . These slides can be scanned (digitized) beforehand to keep a record of their morphology 12 .…”

“…One possible solution is repurposing the slides that were originally Papanicolaoustained to perform ICC. 11 These slides can be scanned (digitized) beforehand to keep a record of their morphology. 12 Additionally, digital pathology can greatly improve the laboratory workflow and is the gateway to employing computer-aided diagnostic techniques that can make the diagnosis faster and more accurate (by, for example, identifying atypical/suspicious cells for review by the cytopathologist, and prioritizing cases with such cells).…”

Metagenomic sequencing expedites diagnosis of disseminated BCG in an infant with BRAFV600E mutation

“…Hence, she was highly suspected as a case of LCH. LCH is an inflammatory myeloid malignancy with unknown etiology characterized by abnormal proliferation of histiocytic cells [9]. The granulomatous lesions of LCH comprise CD1a (+) and Langerin (+) histiocytes and abundant inflammatory cells, indicating that CD1a and Langerin are potential specific diagnostic markers for LCH [10].…”