Diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis in adolescent females: InPouch TV® culture versus wet-mount microscopy

Ohlemeyer, Chris L.; Hornberger, Laurie L.; Lynch, Daryl A.; Swierkosz, Ella M.

doi:10.1016/s1054-139x(97)00214-0

Cited by 55 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In the present study, the overall Aptima T. vaginalis assay sensitivity (Ն95.2% in any specimen type) was higher than published sensitivity estimates for the wet-mount microscopic examination (60% to 70% [6]) and culture using the InPouch T. vaginalis test (81% and 82.4% [17,21]). This is in agreement with studies that evaluated the analyte-specific-reagent-formatted Aptima T. vaginalis assay and these two reference assays in side-by-side comparisons (13,20).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 82%

Molecular Testing for Trichomonas vaginalis in Women: Results from a Prospective U.S. Clinical Trial

et al. 2011

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Trichomoniasis is a common sexually transmitted disease associated with preterm birth, low birth weight, and increased susceptibility to infection with other pathogenic sexually transmitted microorganisms. Nucleic acid amplification tests for Trichomonas vaginalis have improved sensitivity for detecting infected individuals compared to existing culture-based methods. This prospective, multicenter U.S. clinical trial evaluated the performance of the automated Aptima T. vaginalis assay for detecting T. vaginalis in 1,025 asymptomatic and symptomatic women. Vaginal swab, endocervical swab, ThinPrep PreservCyt, and urine specimens were collected. Subject infection status was determined by wet-mount microscopy and culture. Aptima T. vaginalis assay performance was determined for each specimen type by comparison to subject infection status. Of 933 subjects analyzed, 59.9% were symptomatic. Aptima T. vaginalis clinical sensitivity and specificity were, respectively, 100% and 99.0% for vaginal swabs, 100% and 99.4% for endocervical swabs, 100% and 99.6% in ThinPrep samples, and 95.2% and 98.9% in urine specimens. Aptima T. vaginalis performance levels were similar in asymptomatic and symptomatic subjects. This study validates the clinical performance of the Aptima T. vaginalis assay for screening asymptomatic and symptomatic women for T. vaginalis infection.Trichomoniasis, a common sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by the protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis, affects approximately 180 million persons per year worldwide, making it the most common nonviral STD agent in the world. An estimated 7.4 million new cases occur annually in the United States (1), and the disease has an overall prevalence of 3.1% (24). Both women and men can be infected, although symptoms are more common in women. Symptomatic women have a diffuse, malodorous, yellow-green vaginal discharge with vulvar irritation which may be confused with bacterial vaginosis. Infected men may temporarily have urethral irritation, mild discharge, or slight burning after urination or ejaculation (5). Many infections do not produce symptoms and when left untreated may lead to preterm birth, low birth weight, and pelvic inflammatory disease (5). T. vaginalis infection also increases susceptibility to infection with HIV (14,22,23). Effective and inexpensive antibiotic therapy for T. vaginalis infection is readily available, and detection and treatment of T. vaginalis in symptomatic or asymptomatic women with a high risk of STD are important to prevent disease acquisition, transmission, and associated complications.Currently, the gold standard for the diagnosis of T. vaginalis infection is culture; however, the sensitivity of commercially available culture has been reported to be 75% to 89% compared to amplified methods (13,20). Tests with improved sensitivity are needed to diagnose this prevalent STD. The Aptima Trichomonas vaginalis assay, an FDA-cleared, fully automated nucleic acid amplification test, has demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity compared to c...

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 82%

Molecular Testing for Trichomonas vaginalis in Women: Results from a Prospective U.S. Clinical Trial

et al. 2011

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“…[19] The combination of wet mount and culture for the diagnosis of TV has a reported sensitivity of 80-85% and specificity of 100%. [20,21] While we do not believe that we overestimated the prevalence of infections in this study, these diagnostic tests may not be available in some practice settings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Urinary Symptoms in Adolescent Females: STI or UTI?

Huppert

Biro

Lan

et al. 2007

Journal of Adolescent Health

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Purpose-To determine if urinary symptoms or urinary tract infections (UTI) were associated with sexually transmitted infections (STI) and which history, clinical, and laboratory findings could distinguish these infections in symptomatic women.Methods-A cross sectional sample of 296 sexually-active females aged 14-22 attending a hospital-based teen health center or emergency department were recruited. Genitourinary symptoms, medical and sexual history, and urinalysis results were recorded. STI was defined as a vaginal swab positive for Trichomonas vaginalis or urine nucleic acid amplification test positive for Neisseria gonorrheae or Chlamydia trachomatis. A urine culture with >10,000 colonies of a single pathogen was considered a positive UTI.Results-In the full sample, prevalence of UTI and STI were 17% and 33%, respectively. Neither urinary symptoms nor UTI was significantly associated with STI. Further analyses are reported for the 154 (51%) with urinary symptoms: Positive urine leukocytes, >1 partner in the last 3 months and history of STI predicted STI. Urinalysis results identified four groups: (1)Normal urinalysis -67% had no infection; (2)Positive nitrites or protein -55% had UTI; (3)Positive leukocytes or blood -62% had STI; and (4)Both nitrites/protein and leukocytes/blood positive -28% had STI and 65% had UTI. Those without a documented UTI were more likely to have trichomoniasis than those with a UTI, and 65% of those with sterile pyuria had STI, mainly trichomoniasis or gonorrhea.Conclusions-Adolescent females with urinary symptoms should be tested for both UTI and STIs. Urinalysis results may be helpful to direct initial therapy.

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“…[13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Infection can increase a woman's risk of acquiring other STIs, including HIV. 20 In pregnant women, trichomoniasis is associated with premature rupture of the membranes and preterm delivery.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%