Diagnosis of virulent Newcastle disease in southern California, May 2018

Carvallo, Francisco R.; Moore, Janet; Nyaoke, Akinyi C.; Huang, Linda; Crossley, Beate; Uzal, Francisco A.

doi:10.1177/1040638718784920

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…2 This density can also increase the risk of transmission of other avian pathogens, such as infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV; species Gallid alphaherpesvirus 1), for which wind-borne transmission has been demonstrated. 18 During the Newcastle disease outbreaks in California in 1999-2000 and 2018, exotic (or "virulent") AAvV-1 was isolated in small chicken flocks, 8,9 stressing the importance of strict biosecurity to avoid disease transmission between commercial and non-commercial flocks. 9 Despite these concerns, the contribution of small flocks to the spread of high-consequence infectious agents, such as AIV and AAvV-1, has been small when compared to commercial flocks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A two-year prospective study of small poultry flocks in Ontario, Canada, part 1: prevalence of viral and bacterial pathogens

et al. 2019

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In Ontario, within the past few years, there has been a marked increase in the number of non-commercial poultry flocks (referred to as "small flocks"). Small poultry flocks may act as a reservoir of avian and zoonotic pathogens, given the flocks' limited access to veterinary services, inadequate biosecurity practices, and increased risk of contact with wild birds. Despite these potential risks, there is a scarcity of data concerning the prevalence of poultry and zoonotic pathogens among these flocks. To assess the baseline prevalence of bacterial and viral infectious pathogens, prospective surveillance of small flock postmortem submissions to the Animal Health Laboratory was conducted over a 2-y period. With the owner's consent, a postmortem examination and pre-set tests for infectious agents were conducted. A total of 160 submissions, mainly chickens (84%), were received. Among bacterial pathogens, Brachyspira spp., Mycoplasma synoviae, Campylobacter spp., Mycoplasma gallisepticum, and Salmonella spp. were detected in 37%, 36%, 35%, 23%, and 3% of tested submissions, respectively. Among viral pathogens, infectious bronchitis virus, fowl adenovirus, infectious laryngotracheitis virus, avian reovirus, and infectious bursal disease virus were detected in 39%, 35%, 15%, 4%, and 1% of submissions, respectively. We detected non-virulent avian avulavirus 1 from two chickens in a single submission, and low-pathogenic H10N8 influenza A virus from a single turkey submission. Our study provides baseline prevalence of viral and bacterial pathogens circulating in Ontario small flocks and may help animal and human health professionals to educate small flock owners about disease prevention.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A two-year prospective study of small poultry flocks in Ontario, Canada, part 1: prevalence of viral and bacterial pathogens

et al. 2019

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“…As a major infectious disease of poultry, ND outbreaks have been reported multiple regions of the world, including USA [ 34 ], Korea [ 35 ], and China [ 11 ], resulting in serious economic losses to the poultry industry. Since 1926, four global panzootics of ND have occurred.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into Genomic Epidemiology, Evolution, and Transmission Dynamics of Genotype VII of Class II Newcastle Disease Virus in China

et al. 2020

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Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is distributed worldwide and has caused significant losses to the poultry industry. Almost all virulent NDV strains belong to class II, among which genotype VII is the predominant genotype in China. However, the molecular evolution and phylodynamics of class II genotype VII NDV strains in China remained largely unknown. In this study, we identified 13 virulent NDV including 11 genotype VII strains and 2 genotype IX strains, from clinical samples during 1997 to 2019. Combined NDV sequences submitted to GenBank, we investigate evolution, and transmission dynamics of class II NDVs in China, especially genotype VII strains. Our results revealed that East and South China have the most genotypic diversity of class II NDV, and East China might be the origin of genotype VII NDVs in China. In addition, genotype VII NDVs in China are presumably transmitted by chickens, as the virus was most prevalent in chickens. Furthermore, codon usage analysis revealed that the F genes of genotype VII NDVs have stronger adaptation in chickens, and six amino acids in this gene are found under positive selection via selection model analysis. Collectively, our results revealed the genetic diversity and evolutionary dynamics of genotype VII NDVs in China, providing important insights into the epidemiology of these viruses in China.

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Nervous System

Struthers,

Schmidt

2024

Pathology of Pet and Aviary Birds

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Diagnosis of virulent Newcastle disease in southern California, May 2018

Cited by 8 publications

References 2 publications

A two-year prospective study of small poultry flocks in Ontario, Canada, part 1: prevalence of viral and bacterial pathogens

A two-year prospective study of small poultry flocks in Ontario, Canada, part 1: prevalence of viral and bacterial pathogens

Insights into Genomic Epidemiology, Evolution, and Transmission Dynamics of Genotype VII of Class II Newcastle Disease Virus in China

Nervous System

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