Diagnostic Accuracy of Right Bronchial Infiltration on Chest X-rays in Diagnosing COVID-19 Patients in the Early Stage of the Disease

Wasim, Asad Ullah; Khan, Rukhsana; Khan, Muhammad Sheharyar; Mustehsan, Zillehuma; Khan, Muhammad Wasim

doi:10.7759/cureus.23351

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The case report presented by Wassim et al adds to the growing evidence of an association between COVID-19 and achalasia. 39 The reported acute-onset achalasia in a 38year-old male following a recent COVID-19 infection raises questions about potential pathophysiological mechanisms. The authors suggest that COVID-19 may contribute to the development of achalasia, emphasizing the importance of considering esophageal complications in patients presenting with respiratory symptoms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Esophageal achalasia, an unexpected complication of COVID-19 post palatoplasty: a case report and literature review

Njokanma,

Aborisade,

Ojo

et al. 2024

Int J Community Med Public Health

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The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-COV-2, has led to significant mortality worldwide. Despite the declaration in May, 2023 by the World Health Organization (WHO), that the COVID-19 pandemic in no longer a public health emergency of international concern, some survivors are experiencing post-infection complications, including esophageal achalasia. Esophageal achalasia is a rare neurodegenerative disorder characterized by impaired esophageal motility and lower esophageal sphincter dysfunction. This study reviews the literature to explore the association between COVID-19 and achalasia and also presents a case of a 9-month-old child diagnosed with achalasia following COVID-19 infection; a unique occurrence in a young child. This study comprises a case report and a literature review. Clinical data for the case report was collected from medical records, while the literature review included a search of electronic databases from January 2020 to October 2023. Keywords related to COVID-19 and esophageal achalasia were utilized to conduct a search in electronic databases resulting in 9 selected articles. This study underscores the emerging concern of esophageal achalasia as a post-infection complication of COVID-19. It provides a unique case of a young child developing achalasia after COVID-19 infection and reviews the limited literature on this association. Further research is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms and potential preventative measures for this rare complication in COVID-19 survivors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Esophageal achalasia, an unexpected complication of COVID-19 post palatoplasty: a case report and literature review

Njokanma,

Aborisade,

Ojo

et al. 2024

Int J Community Med Public Health

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“…To our knowledge, however, the oral‐coronavirus connection is unique due to the increased mortality risk and extended multiple tissue morbidity through PASC. Multiple studies have reported increased risk for respiratory, oesophageal‐intestinal, cardiovascular, renal, and neurologic‐brain disorders in COVID‐19 patients 25–30 . We propose that periopathogen‐derived metabolites and enzymes depress the host oral mucosal resistance and extend the initial oral infection systemically.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

SARS‐CoV‐2, periodontal pathogens, and host factors: The trinity of oral post‐acute sequelae of COVID‐19

Schwartz,

Capistrano,

Gluck

et al. 2024

Reviews in Medical Virology

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COVID‐19 as a pan‐epidemic is waning but there it is imperative to understand virus interaction with oral tissues and oral inflammatory diseases. We review periodontal disease (PD), a common inflammatory oral disease, as a driver of COVID‐19 and oral post‐acute‐sequelae conditions (PASC). Oral PASC identifies with PD, loss of teeth, dysgeusia, xerostomia, sialolitis‐sialolith, and mucositis. We contend that PD‐associated oral microbial dysbiosis involving higher burden of periodontopathic bacteria provide an optimal microenvironment for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection. These pathogens interact with oral epithelial cells activate molecular or biochemical pathways that promote viral adherence, entry, and persistence in the oral cavity. A repertoire of diverse molecules identifies this relationship including lipids, carbohydrates and enzymes. The S protein of SARS‐CoV‐2 binds to the ACE2 receptor and is activated by protease activity of host furin or TRMPSS2 that cleave S protein subunits to promote viral entry. However, PD pathogens provide additional enzymatic assistance mimicking furin and augment SARS‐CoV‐2 adherence by inducing viral entry receptors ACE2/TRMPSS, which are poorly expressed on oral epithelial cells. We discuss the mechanisms involving periodontopathogens and host factors that facilitate SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and immune resistance resulting in incomplete clearance and risk for ‘long‐haul’ oral health issues characterising PASC. Finally, we suggest potential diagnostic markers and treatment avenues to mitigate oral PASC.

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“…The labs showed leukocytosis of about 203/uL with blood gases showing high partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2) of about 80mmHg. The chest X-ray (Figure 1) showed a prominent widening of the mediastinum and right basal pulmonary infiltrates [11]. The patient was then connected to bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) and received initial management of Ventolin, Atrovent, and Pulmicort nebulization along with magnesium sulfate and epinephrine.…”

Section: Case Presentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute-Onset Achalasia Following a Recent COVID-19 Infection: A Case Report

Wasim,

Khan,

Khan

et al. 2023

Cureus

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Achalasia is a rare esophageal motility disorder that leads to dysphagia, regurgitation, and several other symptoms. While the etiology of achalasia is not completely understood, studies have suggested an immune reaction to viral infections, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), as a potential cause. Here, we present a case report of a previously healthy 38-year-old male who presented to the emergency room with severe shortness of breath, recurrent vomiting, and dry cough, that had progressively worsened over five days. The patient was diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and a chest CT also revealed prominent features of achalasia with a markedly dilated esophagus and areas of narrowing at the distal esophagus. The initial management of the patient included IV fluids, antibiotics, anticholinergics, and corticosteroid inhalers which improved his symptoms. This case report highlights the importance of considering the acute-onset of achalasia in COVID-19 patients and the need for further research on the potential association between SARS-CoV-2 and achalasia.

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Diagnostic Accuracy of Right Bronchial Infiltration on Chest X-rays in Diagnosing COVID-19 Patients in the Early Stage of the Disease

Cited by 3 publications

References 22 publications

Esophageal achalasia, an unexpected complication of COVID-19 post palatoplasty: a case report and literature review

Esophageal achalasia, an unexpected complication of COVID-19 post palatoplasty: a case report and literature review

SARS‐CoV‐2, periodontal pathogens, and host factors: The trinity of oral post‐acute sequelae of COVID‐19

Acute-Onset Achalasia Following a Recent COVID-19 Infection: A Case Report

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