Diagnostic and classification criteria of Takayasu arteritis

Takayasu’s Arteritis Presenting with Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Associated with Intracranial Aneurysm and Necrotizing Lesion on the Dorsal Surface of the Foot

“…Based on a literature review, the total number of SAHs due to a proven intracranial aneurysmal rupture was 25 aneurysms in 16 patients. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] The present case had SAH caused by the rupture of aneurysms in the left internal carotid artery and the posterior communicating artery, as well as a necrotizing skin lesion on the dorsal surface of the foot caused by segmental stenosis of the superficial femoral artery.…”

“…[1] Although TA has been considered a rare disease mostly affecting young Asian women, it has also been described in other parts of the world. [1,2] Although the American College of Rheumatology defined age below 40 years as a criterion for TA, [3] disease onset is after the age of 40 years in 13.0% to 17.5% of patients with TA. [3,4] Patients with TA usually present with constitutional symptoms before the development of various ischemic symptoms.…”

“…[1,2] Although the American College of Rheumatology defined age below 40 years as a criterion for TA, [3] disease onset is after the age of 40 years in 13.0% to 17.5% of patients with TA. [3,4] Patients with TA usually present with constitutional symptoms before the development of various ischemic symptoms. ESR and CRP are usually elevated in the acute phase, but they also remain normal in one-third of patients.…”

“…[3] The pathology of TA is characterized by the involvement of all arterial layers with a variable inflammatory infiltrate, including acute exudative inflammation, chronic and granulomatous inflammation situated mainly in the media and adventitia, while hyperplasia and neovascularization are observed in the intimal layer. [3][4][5][6]7] Inflammatory lesions in TA eventually evolve to diffuse and/or nodular fibrosis in the arterial wall. [8] The vast majority of arterial lesions in TA are stenotic, and aneurysms can be found in up to one-third of TA patients.…”

“…[8] The vast majority of arterial lesions in TA are stenotic, and aneurysms can be found in up to one-third of TA patients. [3,7] Maksimowicz and McKinnon concluded that abnormal intracranial hemodynamic forces play a role in the development of an aneurysm. [1] Most cases of SAH in TA have been reported as related to intracranial aneurysmal rupture.…”