Diagnostic Immunopathology of Germ Cell Tumors

Preda, Ovidiu; Nogales, Francisco F.

doi:10.1007/978-3-662-53775-6_4

Cited by 1 publication

(12 citation statements)

References 314 publications

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“…Subsequent studies disclosed PLAP on some non-germ cell tumors. Furthermore, it was detected in the serum of smokers, which reduced its overall utility as a tumor marker (57). Antibodies to PLAP are still used in clinical laboratories but considerably less often than the newer reagents.…”

Section: Serologic Tumor Markersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cells of the spermatocytic tumor also negative for Oct4 (11). Several malignant tumors may be positive for Oct4, such as carcinoma of the lung or thymus (57).…”

Section: Octamer-binding Transcription Factor 4 (Oct4)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…c-KIT proto-oncogene was initially identified as a human equivalent of the animal oncogene of the Hardy-Zuckerman IV feline sarcoma virus (HZ4-FeSV), including its transforming activity (57,70,71). The human c-KIT gene has been localized to chromosome 4q12 (72).…”

Section: C-kit Protooncogene (Cd117)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sall4 is a zinc-finger transcription factor originally cloned on sequence homology to Drosophila homeotic genes of the Spalt family (57,(78)(79)(80). The human SALL4 gene is located on chromosome 20q13.2 (80).…”

Section: Sall4mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the testis, it is weakly expressed in normal spermatogonia, in contrast to intense immunohistochemical staining of the nuclei of GCNIS, embryonal carcinoma, and seminoma. Antibodies to Sall4 are among the rare antibodies that react with some of the cells in spermatocytic tumors (57). It is negative in choriocarcinomas, even though sometimes it may react with cytotrophoblastic cells (57).…”

Section: Sall4mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Testicular Germ Cell Tumors: Serological and Immunohistochemical Diagnosis

Damjanov

2021

ama

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This review deals with serologic and immunohistochemical tumor markers used in clinical laboratories for the diagnosis of testicular germ cell tumors. Time tested serologic markers such as alpha-fetoprotein, human chorionic gonadotropin, and lactate dehydrogenase are routinely used in the work-up of patients with testicular tumors. Professional organizations regulating the practice of medicine in most countries worldwide require that the laboratory values for these serologic reactants be included in the pathology reports on testicular tumors as part of the tumor staging process. Immunohistochemical markers of testicular germ have been identified and widely tested during the first two decades of the XXI century. We have selected the most useful immunohistochemical markers from a few of these markers and discussed them in this review.Conclusion. Published data show that testicular tumor markers are widely used in routine practice. The study of tumor markers has improved the pathologic and clinical diagnosis of testicular germ cell tumors and has thus contributed to their treatment.

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Section: Serologic Tumor Markersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cells of the spermatocytic tumor also negative for Oct4 (11). Several malignant tumors may be positive for Oct4, such as carcinoma of the lung or thymus (57).…”

Section: Octamer-binding Transcription Factor 4 (Oct4)mentioning

confidence: 99%