Diagnostic performance of ultrasonography in clinical management of dairy cattle identified with left-sided ping sounds

Gouda, Shaimaa; Abdelaal, Ahmed M.; Gomaa, Mohamed; Elgioushy, Magdy; Refaai, Walid; Mouncey, Rebecca; Salem, Shebl E.

doi:10.5455/javar.2020.g422

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…One study stressed the importance of visualisation of the pyloric canal for the diagnosis of LDA [ 22 ]. The diagnostic accuracy could be further improved using a combination of abomasocentesis and ruminocentesis and pH measurement of the aspirated fluid [ 57 ]. Our study relied on laparotomy in only 40 cows (3%) to confirm the diagnosis of LDA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Left and right displaced abomasum and abomasal volvulus: comparison of clinical, laboratory and ultrasonographic findings in 1982 dairy cows

et al. 2022

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Background Although left and right displacement of the abomasum and abomasal volvulus are well-known disorders of cattle, a comparative evaluation of the clinical, laboratory and ultrasonographic findings of these types of abomasal displacements has not been undertaken. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare these conditions in a large population of cows. The medical records of 1982 dairy cows with left displaced abomasum (LDA, n = 1341), right displaced absomasum (RDA, n = 338) and abomasal volvulus (AV, n = 303) were searched for the results of clinical, laboratory and ultrasonographic evaluations. Results The main clinical findings were an abnormal demeanour in 48.2% of the cows, reduced rumen motility in 89.7% and decreased intestinal motility in 61.1%. Ballottement and simultaneous auscultation and percussion and simultaneous auscultation were positive on the left side in 96.9% of the cows with LDA and on the right in 98.5% of the cows with RDA and in 99.3% of the cows with AV. Ultrasonography was useful for diagnosing LDA in 97.9% of the cows and RDA/AV in 90.2% of the cows. The laboratory findings characteristic of abomasal reflux syndrome varied in severity; 83% of the cows had hypokalaemia, 67% had increased rumen chloride concentration, 67% had an increased base excess and 50% had haemoconcentration. Based on the clinical signs, a definitive diagnosis was made in 75.0% of the cows with LDA and in 22.5% of the cows with RDA/AV. Ultrasonography was required for a definitive diagnosis in another 22.0% of the cows with LDA and in 53.0% of the cows with RDA/AV. Laparotomy or postmortem examination was required for reliable differentiation of RDA and AV. Conclusions LDA, RDA and AV differ with respect to the severity and the frequency of several abnormal clinical, laboratory and ultrasonographic findings as well as the methods required for a diagnosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Left and right displaced abomasum and abomasal volvulus: comparison of clinical, laboratory and ultrasonographic findings in 1982 dairy cows

et al. 2022

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“…In transabdominal ultrasonography for bovines, the use of a transducer with a low ultrasound frequency ranging from 3.5 to 5.0 MHz is recommended [ 23 , 27 ], although an ultrasound frequency of 7.5 MHz is suitable for the observation of peritoneal effusion [ 27 ]. When examining adult cattle, the ultrasound frequencies generated by sector, linear, or convex transducers used previously for transabdominal ultrasonography were 2.5 MHz [ 13 , 14 ], 2.5–5.0 MHz [ 49 ], 3.5 MHz [ 20 , 39 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 ], 3.5–5.0 MHz [ 54 , 55 ], and 5.0 MHz [ 56 ]. Transducers with lower ultrasound frequencies ranging between 3.5 and 5.0 MHz have also been used for the observation of various gastrointestinal diseases in younger and growing calves [ 8 , 9 , 48 , 57 , 58 , 59 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A reduction in abomasal motility can impair gas transport, resulting in the excess intraluminal accumulation of gas within the affected abomasum [ 8 , 12 ]. Thus, depending on the quantity of intraluminal gas present, abomasal displacements can be diagnosed based on ultrasonographic findings, such as the abomasal gas cap seen in the dorsal cavity and the disappearance of the lumen contents due to reverberation artifacts generated by the intraluminal gas, together with the dislocation of the affected abomasum [ 12 , 47 , 53 , 55 , 60 ]. Abomasal tympany also exhibits this gas-filled pattern [ 31 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the present case, the excess accumulation of intraluminal gas may have been associated with the aggressive development of severe incarceration secondary to internal herniation. Reverberation artifacts generated by intraluminal gas can facilitate the disappearance of pathological findings of the deeper intestinal loops such as a to-and-fro flow [ 37 , 53 ]. Prior to examination with abdominal ultrasonography, percussion auscultation, inducing a ping sound, is required to detect the degree of intraluminal gas present [ 52 , 56 , 62 , 63 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficacy of Abdominal Ultrasonography for Differentiation of Gastrointestinal Diseases in Calves

Yoshimura

Tsuka

Yoshimura

et al. 2022

Animals

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This study investigated the clinical efficacy of abdominal ultrasonography for abomasal dilation in three calves, intestinal volvulus in five calves, intussusception in one calf, and internal hernia in one calf. In the abdominal ultrasonograms of the abomasal dilation cases, this disease was commonly characterized by severely extended lumens, including heterogeneously hyperechoic ingesta without intraluminal accumulations of gas. In the animals with intestinal volvulus and intussusception, a to-and-fro flow was observed to be a common ultrasonographic characteristic that led to suspicion of an intestinal obstruction. The use of abdominal ultrasonography for five cases with intestinal volvulus gave no reason to suspect this disease, despite its efficacy in one case, based on an acutely angled narrowing. Although three of five animals with intestinal volvulus had intestinal ruptures, no ultrasonographic evidence could be obtained. When abdominal ultrasonography was used for one case with intussusception, this pathological condition could be strongly suspected, as a “target” sign was observed. This finding supported surgical intervention for this case, followed by treatment with manual reduction, resulting in a favorable outcome. In terms of the differential and definitive diagnosis for various intestinal diseases, abdominal ultrasonography may be poor at providing indicative evidence, but very helpful for confirming intestinal obstruction.

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“…Cows presenting with a metallic pinging sound on the percussion and auscultation of the left or right abdomen are diagnosed as having DA (Wang et al 2019). Recently, the use of ultrasonography for the visualisation of DA has been reported (Braun 2003;Li et al 2018;Gouda et al 2020). Moreover, a method for visualising DA using a laparoscope has been introduced (Janowitz 1998;Newman et al 2008).…”

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confidence: 99%

A case report: Characteristic plain radiographic findings of a displaced abomasum in a heifer

Kazama¹,

Onda²,

Arai³

et al. 2022

Vet. Med.

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A 9-month-old Holstein heifer with a history of severely poor growth presented with diarrhoea. On physical examination, a metallic pinging sound was heard on the simultaneous percussion and auscultation of the left trunk. On the cranial abdominal radiography, the contour of a gas-filled balloon-like abomasum wall was delineated, which elevated to the dorsal abdomen. Radiopaque sand at the bottom of the abomasum had been pulled up caudodorsally by the gas-filled abomasum. After surgery, the gas-filled balloon-like appearance of the abomasum wall disappeared and the radiopaque sand was located in the normal position. To our knowledge, no reports on a displaced abomasum on plain radiographs are available. The radiographic findings described herein are characteristic imaging findings of a displaced abomasum. Abdominal radiography could be a new option as an auxiliary diagnostic approach for a displaced abomasum.

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Diagnostic performance of ultrasonography in clinical management of dairy cattle identified with left-sided ping sounds

Cited by 4 publications

References 19 publications

Left and right displaced abomasum and abomasal volvulus: comparison of clinical, laboratory and ultrasonographic findings in 1982 dairy cows

Left and right displaced abomasum and abomasal volvulus: comparison of clinical, laboratory and ultrasonographic findings in 1982 dairy cows

Efficacy of Abdominal Ultrasonography for Differentiation of Gastrointestinal Diseases in Calves

A case report: Characteristic plain radiographic findings of a displaced abomasum in a heifer

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