Diagnostic Significance of Reduced IgA in Children

Nurkić, Jasmina; Numanovic, Fatima; Arnautalic, Lejla; Tihić, Nijaz; Halilovic, Dzenan; Jahic, Mahira

doi:10.5455/medarh.2015.69.236-239

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…22À24 Intriguingly, mucosal sIgA levels increase promptly in infants and reach adult levels early in childhood, while serum IgA matures much slower and may not reach adult levels until puberty. 25 Given the apparent differences in the susceptibility of children and adults to COVID-19, 26 this difference should be taken into consideration in vaccine development.…”

Section: Mucosal Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Intranasal COVID-19 vaccines: From bench to bed

Alu¹,

Chen²,

et al. 2022

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Currently licensed COVID-19 vaccines are all designed for intramuscular (IM) immunization. However, vaccination today failed to prevent the virus infection through the upper respiratory tract, which is partially due to the absence of mucosal immunity activation. Despite the emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants, the next generation of COVID-19 vaccine is in demand and intranasal (IN) vaccination method has been demonstrated to be potent in inducing both mucosal and systemic immune responses. Presently, although not licensed, various IN vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are under intensive investigation, with 12 candidates reaching clinical trials at different phases. In this review, we give a detailed description about current status of IN COVID-19 vaccines, including virus-vectored vaccines, recombinant subunit vaccines and live attenuated vaccines. The ongoing clinical trials for IN vaccines are highlighted. Additionally, the underlying mechanisms of mucosal immunity and potential mucosal adjuvants and nasal delivery devices are also summarized.

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Section: Mucosal Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Intranasal COVID-19 vaccines: From bench to bed

Alu¹,

Chen²,

et al. 2022

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“…Recurrent respiratory tract infections remain the most common symptom of PID, as well as the most common reason for referring a child to the department of immunology. Lower respiratory tract infections are more specific for PID, but in children, upper respiratory tract infections are also of clinical importance [6][7][8][9]. Recurrent pneumonia occurs in 14-23% of symptomatic IgA-deficient children, and, according to the literature, up to 15-30% of them will develop bronchiectasis [9][10][11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective IgA deficiency – does partial mean negligible?

Tąpolska-Jóźwiak¹,

Szczawińska-Popłonyk²

2020

polp

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Introduction: Selective immunoglobulin A deficiency (SIgAD) is the most common primary immunodeficiency in the Caucasian population. The current definition describes SIgAD as serum IgA level below 0.07 g/l in individuals of four years of age or older with normal immunoglobulin G and M levels, in whom other causes of hypogammaglobulinaemia have been excluded. Most patients with SIgAD are asymptomatic, but some of them suffer from recurrent infections, primarily involving the respiratory system, allergies, autoimmune disorders, and malignancies. In contrast to "absolute" SIgAD, the clinical relevance of partial SIgAD has not yet been determined. Aim of the study: To compare the clinical course of absolute and partial SIgAD in children. Material and methods: The study was conducted through a retrospective review of the medical records of 25 children with absolute and 33 children with partial SIgAD, aged between 4 and 18 years, for the occurrence of recurrent respiratory, urinary, and gastrointestinal tract infections, as well as allergy, autoimmunity, and malignancies. Results: Respiratory tract infections were the most common clinical manifestation in both variants of SIgAD and affected nearly two-thirds of patients with absolute and about three-quarters with partial SIgAD. Apart from autoimmunity in total, which occurred more often in children with absolute than partial SIgAD (44% vs. 12.12%, p = 0.006), no statistically significant differences were found between the incidence of the analysed conditions in both groups. Conclusions: Due to the similar clinical course of both variants of SIgAD, all symptomatic patients should receive specialist care and undergo systematic follow-up visits. In children with autoimmune diseases basic immunology screening should be considered.

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“…CD has been associated with multiple autoimmune diseases including type 1 diabetes, autoimmune thyroid disease, selective IgA deficiency, rheumatoid arthritis, and connective tissue disorders [16,[75][76][77][78][79]. Sometimes the symptoms and signs of these associated diseases are predominant, and awareness of their association with CD might help establish a diagnosis of asymptomatic or silent CD.…”

Section: Clinical Presentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiomyopathy in Celiac Disease: A Systematic Review

Milutinovic,

Jancic,

Adam

et al. 2024

JCM

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(1) Background: Cardiomyopathy in celiac disease or celiac cardiomyopathy (CCM) is a serious and potentially life-threatening disease that can occur in both adults and children. However, data supporting the causal relationship between celiac disease (CD) and cardiomyopathy (CMP) are still inconsistent. The aim of this study was to review and synthesize data from the literature on this topic and potentially reveal a more evidence-based causal relationship. (2) Methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used to search Medline, Embase, and Scopus databases from database inception until September 2023. A total of 1187 original articles were identified. (3) Results: We identified 28 CCM patients (19 adult and 9 pediatric) with a mean age of 27.4 ± 18.01 years. Adult patients with CCM were predominantly male (84.2%) while pediatric patients were predominantly female (75%). The most common comorbidities associated with CCM were anemia (75%) and pulmonary hemosiderosis (20%). In 35% of patients, CCM occurred before the diagnosis of CD, while in 48% of patients, CCM and CD were diagnosed at the same time. Diagnosis of CD preceded diagnosis of CCM in only 18% of patients. Diagnosis of CCM is often delayed with an average, from the onset of symptoms to diagnosis, of 16 months. All patients were treated with a gluten-free diet in addition to guideline-directed medical therapy. At 11-month follow-up, cardiovascular improvement was seen in 60.7% of patients. Pediatric mortality was 33.3%, while adult mortality was 5.3%. (4) Conclusions: Clinicians should be aware of the possible association between CD and CMP, and we recommend CD work-up in all patients with CMP who have concomitant anemia. While we identified only 28 cases in the literature, many cases might go unreported due to a lack of awareness regarding CCM. A high degree of clinical suspicion and a prompt diagnosis of CCM are essential to minimizing the risks of morbidity and mortality, as the combination of a gluten-free diet and guideline-directed medical therapy can improve clinical outcomes.

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Diagnostic Significance of Reduced IgA in Children

Cited by 9 publications

References 14 publications

Intranasal COVID-19 vaccines: From bench to bed

Intranasal COVID-19 vaccines: From bench to bed

Selective IgA deficiency – does partial mean negligible?

Cardiomyopathy in Celiac Disease: A Systematic Review

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