Diagnostic value of microRNA-155 in active tuberculosis

Abstract

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a preventable and treatable disease, but the increased mortality and morbidity associated with TB continues to be a leading cause of death globally. MicroRNA (miRNA)-155 has been recognized as a marker of many lung diseases. However, the effectiveness of this marker for diagnosing TB remains unclear.Methods: A detailed search (updated on February 6, 2021) of literature published in the Wanfang database, EMBASE, PubMed, CNKI, and Cochrane Library was conducted to identify eligible studies suitable for inclusion in the current research. The positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, specificity, area under the curve, sensitivity, and diagnostic odds ratio were used to investigate the diagnostic potential of miRNA-155.Results: A total of 122 studies related to active TB, which completely complied with the inclusion and exclusion criteria of our metaanalysis, were included. The overall results suggested a moderately high diagnostic accuracy and efficacy of miRNA-155, with a specificity of 0.85 (95% confidence interval = 0.77-0.91) and sensitivity of 0.87 (95% confidence interval = 0.76-0.93). The result based on dysregulated status demonstrated that the upregulated group yielded better accuracy and efficacy than the downregulated group. Notably, the accuracy and efficacy of miRNA-155 in pediatric TB were higher than those in adult TB. The results showed that the accuracy and efficacy of miRNA-155 in children were higher than those in adults. Conclusion:The results of the meta-analysis suggested that miRNA-155 could serve as an effective biomarker for identifying active TB.Abbreviations: AUC = area under the curve, CI = confidence interval, DAE = diagnostic accuracy and efficacy, DOR = diagnostic odds ratio, miRNA = microRNA, MTB = Mycobacterium tuberculosis, NLR = negative likelihood ratio, PLR = positive likelihood ratio, QUADAS-2 = quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies-2, SEA = subgroup effect analysis, SEN = sensitivity, SPE = specificity, TB = tuberculosis, TE = threshold effect.

Mouse Models for Mycobacterium tuberculosis Pathogenesis: Show and Do Not Tell

“…Another miRNA involved in susceptibility is miR-155 , in charge of increasing the Th1 response in the form of regulation of IFN-γ secreting CD4 T cells, without which B6 mice became more susceptible [ 202 ]. miRNA-223 is upregulated in human active tuberculosis cases and inhibits apoptosis of macrophages [ 203 ], while some authors have suggested miRNA-155 as a possible biomarker for diagnosis of active tuberculosis, especially in children [ 204 ].…”

Advances in computational frameworks in the fight against TB: The way forward

“…Secondly, a detailed elucidation of protective immune response against the pathogen is missing, and hence establishment of reliable co-relates of protection remains a major challenge. Last but not the least, given the heterogenicity of host-pathogen interactions in humans and animal models, there have been discrepancies in the immunogenicity when the vaccine candidate testing moves from preclinical to clinical stage making the process incredibly challenging (Li et al, 2020) (Zhu et al, 2018).…”

“…Simple yet effective tools like—positive or negative likelihood ratios have been used to identify microRNAs as reliable diagnostic marker against TB (X. Li et al, 2021 ). In a study, multivariate logistic model and relevance vector machine models were used to profile microRNAs to different categories of TB infection in adults and in children with the authors suggesting prospects of this approach in assigning miRNA signatures to different population ( Miotto et al, 2013 ).…”

Diagnostic value of lncRNA NORAD in pulmonary tuberculosis and its regulatory role in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection of macrophages

“…Among them, PTB accounts for 75% of TB cases and greatly increases mortality 4 . Symptom assessment, radiological examination, and microbiological examination are the commonly used diagnostic methods, but they have different drawbacks 5 . For example, Mtb culture is established as the gold standard for TB diagnosis, but it takes plenty of time and does not effectively prevent transmission and infection.…”

“…4 Symptom assessment, radiological examination, and microbiological examination are the commonly used diagnostic methods, but they have different drawbacks. 5 For example, Mtb culture is established as the gold standard for TB diagnosis, but it takes plenty of time and does not effectively prevent transmission and infection. Therefore, understanding the pathogenesis of PTB and finding effective biomarkers for the early diagnosis will help in the prevention and treatment of PTB.…”