Diagnóstico de la Tricomonas vaginalis en la mujer

Abstract

Objetivo: revisar los diferentes métodos de diagnóstico de la tricomoniasis vaginal disponibles hasta el presente. Materiales y métodos: se revisó la bibliografía latinoamericano e internacional a través de los sitios electrónicos de Pub-Med y Scielo. Resultados: la Tricomonas vaginalis es considera como la enfermedad de transmisión sexual no viral, curable más frecuente y prevalente en el mundo. Se revisan los diferentes de métodos para diagnosticar la presencia de la tricomonas vaginalis en pacientes femeninos con síntomas y signos de la infección producida por el protozoario flagelado. Conclusiones: se revisaron los diferentes métodos de diagnostico de la infección producida por la Tricomonas vaginalis en pacientes femeninas, desde los clásicos hasta los más actuales que emplean alta tecnología.

Trichomonas vaginalis: pathogenesis and its role in cervical cancer

“…The T. hominis is found in the intestines, the T. tenax in the mouth, the Ptv in the intestines and Tv in the vagina and uretra. As it was mentioned, they parasite the urogenital area of women and men (5). Tv is a flagellated parasitic protozoan, typically pyriform but occasionally amoeboid in shape, extracellular to genitourinary track epithelium with a primarily anaerobic lifestyle (34).…”

“…In stains, the parabasal nucleusbody-axostil (anterior part) flat assembly is usually stained as a single mass. It lacks mitochondria and instead has organelles called paracostal bodies (because it is close to the costa) and paraxostillary bodies (because it is close to the axostil), which are hydrogenosomes, whose function is to produce energy (ATP) under anaerobic conditions (5). This hydrogenosome, is a mitochondrion-like organelle that generates hydrogen (35).…”

“…Infection may persist for long periods, possibly months or even years, in women but generally persists less than 10 days in males (39). The parasite does not appear to have a cyst form and does not survive well in the external environment, but can survive outside the human body in a wet environment for more than three hours (5,31). However, there may be a pseudocyst form.…”

“…The parasite adheres to the wall of the cervicovaginal cells and, by a very effective enzyme system, it interferes in the metabolism of the host generating toxins that may lead to cell necrosis. In addition, for survival, the parasite needs very little energy, which it acquires by the glycolysis of cellular glycogen (5,45). It is known that parasitic protozoans have a variety of complex carbohydrates on their surfaces, e.g., glycolipids, glycoproteins, and lipid-anchored glycosylated phosphatidylinositol (GPI).…”

“…Table I shows the most common causes of vaginal discharge (4). Tv is the most common, prevalent, curable non-viral sexually transmitted infection (STI) worldwide (5,6).…”