Diameters of arteries, veins, and airways in isolated dog lung

Abstract

Triple resin casts were made of the pulmonary arteries, veins, and airways from six dog lungs. The airways were cast at a pressure of 25 cm resin in all six. In the first three, both vessels were cast at a pressure of 30 cm resin, and in the second three, arteries were at 10 cm resin and veins at 5 cm resin. Measurements were made of luminal airway diameters down to 1 mm and of the luminal diameters of the corresponding segments of the vascular trees. The relation of one to the other was shown by calculating the regression lines for the corresponding diameters. Intrapulmonary arteries and veins are of approximately equal diameter when cast at 30 cm resin, while the veins are 20% larger than the arteries when cast at 5 cm and 10 cm of resin, respectively. Both vessel diameters are 75% of bronchial at the higher pressure, while at the lower pressures arteries are 59%, and veins 71% of bronchial. In any individual, vessel diameters are a relatively constant proportion of airway diameter. This constant of proportionality varies considerably between dogs, its value ranging from 0.48 to 1.03. It is concluded that in any individual all three trees have similar diameter ratios--that is, the ratio between mean diameters of branches in successive orders.

Deletion of airway cilia results in noninflammatory bronchiectasis and hyperreactive airways

“…In 3 mo mice, the ratio of airway to adjacent artery diameter of the IFT88 Ϫ mice was significantly different from IFT88 ϩ mice. Because airwayto-artery diameter is relatively consistent along the respiratory tree (17), comparison of IFT88 Ϫ to IFT88 ϩ ratios is independent of the airway segment that is being measured. Thus, there was significant bronchiectasis at 3 mo in lungs that lacked IFT88 and cilia.…”

64-multidetector CT anatomical assessment of the feline bronchial and pulmonary vascular structures

“…12,13,15 However, in normal dogs the bronchi tend to have a larger diameter than the adjacent pulmonary arteries, with a bronchial lumen to pulmonary artery ratio range of 0.8-2.0. 21,22 Based on previous literature, a peak inspiration pressure of 15 cm H 2 O was chosen in order to avoid motion artefacts during image acquisition. 7,8,[12][13][14]23,24 Pulmonary arteries predominantly ran dorsolaterally to the corresponding bronchus, whereas pulmonary veins ran ventromedially to the corresponding bronchus.…”

“…12,13,15 On the other hand in normal dogs the bronchi tend to have a larger diameter than the adjacent pulmonary arteries with a bronchial lumen to pulmonary artery ratio range between 0.8-2.0. 21,22 To the best of our knowledge, no imaging studies have previously correlated the diameter of the feline pulmonary arteries with the corresponding pulmonary veins. In all cats of our study we consistently noticed that the pulmonary veins had a smaller diameter as compared to the corresponding arteries; this finding is in agreement with medical literature.…”

The distribution of the jejunal arteries in the cat

“…Various methods, including casts, have been employed in the study of vascular anatomy (Casteleyn et al, 2010; Gordon et al, 2007; Horsfield, Kemp, & Phillips, 1986; Kneller, Lewis, & Barrett, 1972; Uršič et al, 2007). The polyurethane cast corrosion technique has proven to be suitable for detailed anatomic studies of the vessels (de Sordi et al, 2014).…”