Diarrheal and Environmental Isolates of Aeromonas spp. Produce a Toxin Similar to Shiga-Like Toxin 1

Haque, Quazi Manjurul; Sugiyama, Akira; Iwade, Yoshito; Midorikawa, Yutaka; Yamauchi, Toru

doi:10.1007/s002849900043

Cited by 38 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…There are many reports of bacteria that can produce Stx, although not all species are normally associated with toxin production (7,20,23,30,37). The production of Stx-like toxins in strains of C. freundii and Aeromonas spp., for example, may be due to bacteriophage-mediated transfer of vt genes from the STEC reservoir.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immunity Profiles of Wild-Type and Recombinant Shiga-Like Toxin-Encoding Bacteriophages and Characterization of Novel Double Lysogens

et al. 2003

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The pathogenicity of Shiga-like toxin (stx)-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), notably serotype O157, the causative agent of hemorrhagic colitis, hemolytic-uremic syndrome, and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, is based partly on the presence of genes (stx 1 and/or stx 2 ) that are known to be carried on temperate lambdoid bacteriophages. Stx phages were isolated from different STEC strains and found to have genome sizes in the range of 48 to 62 kb and to carry either stx 1 or stx 2 genes. Restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis protein profiles were relatively uninformative, but the phages could be differentiated according to their immunity profiles. Furthermore, these were sufficiently sensitive to enable the identification and differentiation of two different phages, both carrying the genes for Stx2 and originating from the same STEC host strain. The immunity profiles of the different Stx phages did not conform to the model established for bacteriophage lambda, in that the pattern of individual Stx phage infection of various lysogens was neither expected nor predicted. Unexpected differences were also observed among Stx phages in their relative lytic productivity within a single host. Two antibiotic resistance markers were used to tag a recombinant phage in which the stx genes were inactivated, enabling the first reported observation of the simultaneous infection of a single host with two genetically identical Stx phages. The data demonstrate that, although Stx phages are members of the lambdoid family, their replication and infection control strategies are not necessarily identical to the archetypical bacteriophage , and this could be responsible for the widespread occurrence of stx genes across a diverse range of E. coli serotypes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Genes encoding Stx are most typically associated with Shigella dystenteriae and E. coli O157:H7, but they have been found in E. coli strains encompassing Ͼ100 serotypes, as well as other species of gram-negative bacteria, including Citrobacter freundii (30,37), Vibrio cholerae (20), Enterobacter cloacae (23), and Aeromonas spp. (7).…”

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Immunity Profiles of Wild-Type and Recombinant Shiga-Like Toxin-Encoding Bacteriophages and Characterization of Novel Double Lysogens

et al. 2003

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“…hydrophila infection (Bogdanovic et al 1991;Janda and Kokka 1991;Robson et al 1992) and a cytotoxin with homology to Shiga toxin 1 has been identified in both the A . hydrophila and A. caviae (Haque et al 1996). According to Kirov (2001), the majority of aeromonads associated with gastroenteritis belong to A .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of hemolytic strains of Aeromonas hydrophila and A. sobria along with other Aeromonas spp. from fish and fishery products by multiplex PCR

et al. 2013

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Hemolytic strains of Aeromonas spp. from fish and fishery products were detected by multiplex PCR. The selected primers for the amplification of segments of ahh1, asa1 and 16S rRNA gene yielded products with the size of 130 bp, 249 bp and 356 bp, respectively. This assay was found to be highly sensitive, as it could detect 7 and 9 cells of Aeromonas hydrophila and A. sobria with a detection limit of 1 pg of pure genomic DNA. The assay, when screened for 73 commercial fish and fishery product samples consisting of freshwater, marine fish and shellfish, showed 56 % positive for Aeromonas spp., 16 % for Aeromonas hydrophila and 13 % for A . sobria. This assay provides specific and reliable results and can be a powerful tool for the simultaneous detection of hemolytic strains of A . hydrophila A . sobria and other Aeromonas spp. from fish and fishery products.

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“…Indeed, Poirier et al (35) reported a case of pneumonia of nosocomial origin caused by A. hydrophila that complicated toxic coma, while both A. hydrophila and A. sobria have been isolated from humans with sepsis, peritonitis, urinary tract infections, and severe muscle degeneration (12). Hemolytic-uremic syndrome, a life-threatening condition normally associated with infections due to Escherichia coli O157: H7, has also been associated with A. hydrophila infection (6,23,37); and a cytotoxin with homology to Shiga toxin 1 has been identified in both A. hydrophila and A. caviae (18).…”

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confidence: 99%

Detection and Characterization of the Hemolysin Genes in Aeromonas hydrophila and Aeromonas sobria by Multiplex PCR

Wang¹,

Clark²,

Liu³

et al. 2003

J Clin Microbiol

187

117

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A multiplex PCR assay was designed to amplify the Aeromonas hydrophila and A. veronii bv. sobria hemolysin and aerolysin genes. The assay was evaluated by using 121 clinical isolates and 7 reference strains of Aeromonas spp., and these were divided into five genotypes on the basis of the results of the multiplex PCR. The five genotypes were characterized as type 1 for those carrying the ahh1 gene only (36% of isolates), type 2 for those carrying the asa1 gene only (8.5% of isolates), type 3 for those carrying both the ahh1 and the asa1 genes (4% of isolates), type 4 for those carrying the ahh1 gene and the A. hydrophila aerA (aerolysin) gene (37.5% of isolates), and type 5 for those in which no hemolysin genes were detected (14% of isolates). The most common single hemolysin gene carried among all the Aeromonas isolates examined was ahh1, with 99 of 128 (77%) of isolates testing positive for this gene either alone or in combination with other hemolysin genes. Phenotypic expression of toxins was evaluated in a Vero cell culture cytotoxicity assay. These results indicated that there is a statistically significant correlation between the cytotoxin titers and the hemolysin genotype. Isolates belonging to genotype 4 (carrying both the ahh1 gene and the aerolysin and hemolysin aerA genes) expressed higher cytotoxin titers than isolates of the other genotypes (P < 0.001). These isolates were more cytotoxic in cell culture and may have greater clinical significance.

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Diarrheal and Environmental Isolates of Aeromonas spp. Produce a Toxin Similar to Shiga-Like Toxin 1

Cited by 38 publications

References 38 publications

Immunity Profiles of Wild-Type and Recombinant Shiga-Like Toxin-Encoding Bacteriophages and Characterization of Novel Double Lysogens

Immunity Profiles of Wild-Type and Recombinant Shiga-Like Toxin-Encoding Bacteriophages and Characterization of Novel Double Lysogens

Detection of hemolytic strains of Aeromonas hydrophila and A. sobria along with other Aeromonas spp. from fish and fishery products by multiplex PCR

Detection and Characterization of the Hemolysin Genes in Aeromonas hydrophila and Aeromonas sobria by Multiplex PCR

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