Dichotic training in children with auditory processing disorder

Interventions for School-Aged Children with Auditory Processing Disorder: A Scoping Review

“…First, for the AT studies, some of the eligibility measures conducted were linked to the mechanism(s) addressed by the interventions. Inclusion criteria for AT studies involved obtaining abnormal results in tests assessing specific AP abilities, as follows: Dichotic listening (Dichotic Digits Test [DDT]) and temporal patterning (PPT) [ 52 ]; Dichotic listening (DDT), temporal patterning (Pitch Pattern Sequence Test [PPST]), and auditory fusion (Auditory Fusion Test [AFT]) [ 53 ]; Temporal resolution (RGDT), dichotic listening (Paediatric Speech Intelligibility—PSI test), and/or (Nonverbal Dichotic Test [NVDT]) [ 72 ]; Dichotic listening only: DDT [ 74 , 81 ]; Persian Randomized Dichotic Digits Test (PRDDT), Persian Competing Words Test (PCWT), Persian Competing Sentences Test (PCST) [ 59 ]; and Competing Words Test (CWT), Randomized Dichotic Digits Test (RDDT) [ 62 ]; DDT with abnormal right ear advantage (REA), temporal patterning (PPST) and selective attention (Monaural Selective Auditory Attention Test [mSAAT]) [ 65 ]; Temporal patterning (Frequency Pattern Test [FPT]) [ 47 ]; Temporal patterning (Persian PST [P-PST]) and dichotic listening (Persian-SSW [P-SSW]) [ 61 ]; Spatial processing (LiSN-S) [ 45 , 46 , 48 ]; Auditory figure ground (AFG test) [ 54 ]; Dichotic listening, temporal patterning and selective memory (Multiple Auditory Processing Assessment [MAPA]), dichotic listening (Spectro-Temporal Modulation (STM) detection tasks) and SIN perception (Consonant–Vowel in Noise [CVN]) and Words in Noise Test [WIN]) [ 60 ]; SIN perception (Monaural Speech Identification Test) [ 55 ]; Temporal patterning (Duration Pattern Test [DPT]) [ 56 ]. …”

“…DDT with abnormal right ear advantage (REA), temporal patterning (PPST) and selective attention (Monaural Selective Auditory Attention Test [mSAAT]) [ 65 ];…”

“…The above-mentioned conditions listed were not inclusion criteria. Twenty-two studies either reported or assessed normal or average intelligence levels, including measures such as the intelligence quotient (IQ), nonverbal intelligence, or psycho-intellectual abilities (AT: [ 38 , 39 , 46 , 47 , 52 , 53 , 55 , 56 , 60 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 69 , 70 , 81 ]; assistive devices and hearing aids: [ 40 , 41 , 75 , 80 ]; and multimodal interventions: [ 42 , 44 , 67 ]).…”

“…Seven studies examined the impact of dichotic listening training [ 59 , 62 , 65 , 74 , 77 , 78 , 81 ]; two focused on localization and lateralization abilities [ 64 , 66 ]; and three investigated the impact of spatial processing intervention [ 45 , 46 , 48 ]. One examined the effect of singing lessons on pitch and rhythm development [ 49 ], one evaluated musical pitch training [ 47 ], one focused on temporal patterning training [ 56 ], one focused on phonemic training [ 61 ], and nine evaluated the impact of SIN training [ 38 , 39 , 50 , 51 , 54 , 55 , 57 , 58 , 60 , 71 ].…”

Behavioral and Cortical Activation Changes in Children Following Auditory Training for Dichotic Deficits

“…There is growing evidence of other dichotic training benefits for children with auditory processing difficulties [70][71][72], including children with autism [73,74], but ARIA produces benefits with the lowest time in training. Rapid improvements in learning have often been attributed to "training to the task" and discounted as poor evidence of substantive changes in perceptual processing, but when evaluated in a frequency discrimination task, rapid gains in performance were noted to stem from perceptual rather than procedural learning [75].…”