Diclofenac and triamcinolone acetonide impair tenocytic differentiation and promote adipocytic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells

Abstract

BackgroundTendinopathies are often empirically treated with oral/topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications and corticosteroid injections despite their unclear effects on tendon regeneration. Recent studies indicate that tendon progenitors exhibit stem cell-like properties, i.e., differentiation to osteoblasts, adipocytes, and chondrocytes, in addition to tenocytes. Our present study aims at understanding the effects of triamcinolone acetonide and diclofenac on tenocytic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.MethodsThe murine fibroblast C3H10T1/2 cell line was induced to tenocytic differentiation by growth differentiation factor-7. Cell proliferation and differentiation with the exposure of different concentrations of triamcinolone acetonide and diclofenac were measured by WST-1 assay and real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis, respectively.ResultsCell proliferation was decreased in a concentration-dependent manner when exposed to triamcinolone acetonide and diclofenac. In addition to tenocytic differentiation, adipocyte formation was observed, both at gene expression and microscopic level, when the cells were exposed to triamcinolone acetonide or high concentrations of diclofenac.ConclusionsOur results indicate that triamcinolone acetonide and diclofenac might alter mesenchymal stem cell differentiation in a nonfavorable way regarding tendon regeneration; therefore, these medications should be used with more caution clinically.

Influence of commonly used pharmaceutical agents on equine bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cell viability

“…It was noted that methylprednisolone suspension in culture media was a more basic pH than that of the other drugs studied. Previous in vitro studies have also suggested that corticosteroid exposure can inhibit the regenerative properties of human tendon stem cells and may also augment undesirable adipogenesis in murine MSCs . When considering these reasons and the poor viability demonstrated in the current study, the authors would strongly advise against treating with corticosteroids immediately after stem cell treatment.…”

Real-Time Monitoring of Ascorbic Acid-Mediated Reduction of Cytotoxic Effects of Analgesics and NSAIDs on Tenocytes Proliferation

“…14 Different concentrations of ascorbic acid are used in tenocyte cultures to enhance collagen synthesis. 9,15 Immunofluorescence staining revealed differential localization of type I collagen in vitro, with collagen localized outside cells in the presence of ascorbic acid. 16 Poulsen et al reported in 2011 that ascorbic acid can protect hamstringderived tenocytes from oxidative stress.…”

The Susceptibility of Tenocytes from Different Ages of Donors Towards Dexamethasone and Ascorbic Acid can be Screened in a Microfluidic Platform

“…The standard growth medium with fetal bovine serum containing 25 µg/mL ascorbic acid was found to be the most suitable formulation [29]. Additionally, 1250 µg/mL ascorbic acid played an important role during cell culture [30], and 50 µg/mL ascorbic acid is believed to support proper collagen synthesis [31]. Furthermore, cotreatment of tenocytes with ascorbic acid protects against the glucocorticoid-induced inhibition of ERK and Akt activation and the reduction in cell number induced by chemical inhibition of ERK, and, to a lesser extent, inhibits Akt signaling [21].…”