Dicyanotriphenylamine-Based Polyimides as High-Performance Electrodes for Next Generation Organic Lithium-Ion Batteries

Abstract

Aromatic polyimide (PI) derivatives have recently been investigated as redox-active electrode materials for Li-ion batteries because of their high thermal stability and thermo-oxidative stability complemented by excellent solvent resistance, good electrical and mechanical properties, and chemical resistance. In this work, we report two PI derivatives from a newly synthesized 4,4′-diamino-3″,4″-dicyanotriphenylamine (DiCN-TPA) monomer and two dianhydrides, pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) and 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (NTCDA); designated as TPA-PMPI and TPA-NTCPI, respectively, as electrode materials for Li-ion batteries. Characterizations of the PIs reveal excellent thermal stability and bipolar property. The incorporation of DiCN-TPA into the polymer structure resulted to a disordered chain arrangement, thus giving high glass transition temperatures (T g). Electrochemical performance tests reveal that TPA-NTCPI cathode delivered a reversible specific capacity of 150 mAh g–1 at 0.1 A g–1 and exhibited a stability up to 1000 cycles. On the other hand, TPA-PMPI anode delivered a high specific capacity of up to 1600 mAh g–1 at 0.1 A g–1 after 100 cycles. The electrochemical performance of TPA-NTCPI cathode and TPA-PMPI anode are both among the best compared with other reported aromatic PI-based electrodes. The long cycle lifetime and excellent battery performance further suggest that TPA-NTCPI and TPA-PMPI are promising organic electrode materials for next generation Li-ion batteries.

Organic Compound as a Cathode for Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries with Improved Electrochemical Performance via Multiple Active Centers

“…51,52 For DAQ, the absorption peaks at 1650−1500 cm −1 were assigned to C�O and C�C bonds, and the peak of C−N appeared at 1269 cm −1 . 53 The characteristic peaks attributed to the −OH and C�O bonds in DHBQ vanished after a condensation reaction, and the peak appearing at 1471 cm −1 belonged to the C�N bond, indicating that the predesigned compound was successfully synthesized, which was also proven by 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, and Raman spectra (Figures S1, S2, and S3, respectively). Additionally, the thermal stability of the samples was also analyzed.…”

“…The successful preparation of DADB was confirmed by FT-IR spectra (Figure b). As illustrated in Figure b, the vibrational peaks of CO and −OH groups of DHBQ can be seen at 1618 and 1381 cm –1 . , For DAQ, the absorption peaks at 1650–1500 cm –1 were assigned to CO and CC bonds, and the peak of C–N appeared at 1269 cm –1 . The characteristic peaks attributed to the −OH and CO bonds in DHBQ vanished after a condensation reaction, and the peak appearing at 1471 cm –1 belonged to the CN bond, indicating that the predesigned compound was successfully synthesized, which was also proven by 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, and Raman spectra (Figures S1, S2, and S3, respectively).…”

High-performance aramid electrodes for high-rate and long cycle-life organic Li-ion batteries

“…[25][26][27][28] Among those strategies, the polymerization of organic compounds is seen to be the most effective approach because it not only avoids the unwanted dissolution problem of organic electrode materials in the electrolytes but also enhances material stability. [29][30][31][32] Aromatic polyamides (aramids) are well-known as highperformance functional polymers, which consist of amide groups (-CO-NH-) bound directly with two aromatic rings. These types of polymers are classied as high-performance materials because of their excellent mechanical strength and thermal stability.…”

“…25–28 Among those strategies, the polymerization of organic compounds is seen to be the most effective approach because it not only avoids the unwanted dissolution problem of organic electrode materials in the electrolytes but also enhances material stability. 29–32…”

High Discharge Capacity and Ultra-Fast-Charging Sodium Dual-Ion Battery Based on Insoluble Organic Polymer Anode and Concentrated Electrolyte

“…Fossil fuel-based development is unsustainable and poses serious environmental pollution. − The necessity of a clean and sustainable energy supply for the future of mankind prompted the emergence of electrochemical energy storage technologies. − Since commercialization in 1991, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been widely used in portable electronic devices and electric vehicles over past decades. , However, scarce and unevenly distributed lithium resources and continuously rising prices contribute to increasingly high manufacturing and usage costs for LIBs, which is not suitable for large-scale energy storage applications. − Alternatively, with abundant and widely distributed resources, sodium is inexpensive and possesses electrochemical properties similar to lithium. − Furthermore, dual-ion batteries (DIBs) have attracted extensive attention from investigators owing to their low cost, wide operating voltage, and environmental friendliness. − Different from the traditional rocking chair LIBs, during the charging process, the cations in the electrolyte will move to the anode for redox reaction. At the same time, anions will also move to the cathode and participate in the electrochemical reaction.…”