Did the Absence of Crowd Support During the Covid-19 Pandemic Affect the Home Advantage in Brazilian Elite Soccer?

Ribeiro, Lucas de Castro; Fonseca, Fabiano de Souza; Costa, Gustavo De Conti Teixeira; Castro, Henrique de Oliveira; Santos, João Paulo Victor da Silva; Figueiredo, Lucas Savassi

doi:10.2478/hukin-2022-0047

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…We found that matches with crowds present (3025 matches in 2012–2019 seasons and 538 matches in 2021 and 2022 seasons) presented a higher HA than matches without crowd support (380 matches in the 2020 season, and 219 matches in the 2021 season). Previous studies showed similar results for soccer leagues in Brazil ( Ribeiro et al, 2022 ), Germany ( Santana et al, 2021 ; Sánchez & Lavín, 2020 ), and Spain ( Sánchez & Lavín, 2020 ). During 11 years of the Brazilian Soccer League the number of goals scored was significantly higher for home teams compared to away teams; however, teams who played away made more goals increases when the stadiums were empty of crowds than when crowds were present.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

“…In Brazil, Ribeiro et al (2022) found a reduction in the HA for First Division of the Brazilian Soccer League without crowd support in soccer stadiums. These authors used a different formula to determine the HA ( Matos et al, 2020 ), in which the results could present positive or negative values, with a higher score indicating a greater effect of the HA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Our aims in the present study were to investigate (a) crowd support influence on HA by comparing HA and number of goals scored in matches with and without crowd support; and (b) to investigate team quality influence on the HA, in the last 11 years of the Brazilian Soccer League first division. We hypothesized that the HA and goals scored at home would be smaller without crowd support than with crowd support ( Ribeiro et al, 2022 ; Santana et al, 2021 ), and, conversely, the HA and goals scored at home would not change for top teams.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This circumstance enabled comparisons of matches played with and without the presence of fans in soccer stadiums. Ribeiro et al (2022) investigated the effect of crowd support on the HA in Brazilian elite soccer teams, by comparing the 2018 and 2019 seasons (with crowd support) and the 2020 season (without crowd support). They observed a reduction in the HA for first division, and no change in the HA for second division.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Importance of Crowd Support and Team Quality to Home Advantage in Brazilian Soccer League First Division

2023

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Our aims in the present study were to analyze home advantage (HA) and number of goals scored in consideration of the presence or absence of crowd support and the influence of team quality during the last 11 seasons of the Brazilian Soccer League first division. We analyzed data from 4162 matches played in the Brazilian Soccer League in seasons 2012–2022 (3563 matches with an audience and 599 matches without an audience). We calculated HA by comparing the number of points won at home as a percentage of the total number of points gained, and we also recorded the number of goals scored by home and away teams. For analyses, we divided the teams based on home and away matches, with and without crowds, and we classified teams into three ability groups, based on the points scoring percentage of the team at the end of the season. There was a HA in all seasons analyzed (i.e., home teams won more than 50% of the total points won at home); but in matches in empty stadiums, the HA was reduced significantly, compared to matches with crowd support (66.6% with crowd vs. 57.2% without crowd, p < 0.05). The number of goals in all seasons was higher for home teams than for away teams; however, away teams scored more goals in empty stadiums than in stadiums with crowd support ( p < 0.05). The HA was greater in matches with crowd support than in matches without crowd support ( p < 0.01), independent of the team’s ability level; but, top teams scored more goals than weaker teams ( p < 0.01). In conclusion, in the Brazilian Soccer League, the HA and number of goals scored were affected by the presence or absent of an audience in the stadiums. While top teams scored more goals than weaker teams, the HA was lower without than with crowds, independent of team quality.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Importance of Crowd Support and Team Quality to Home Advantage in Brazilian Soccer League First Division

2023

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“…For example, shots on goal (accuracy) decreased for the home team without a crowd in the European soccer matches, and players' high-intensity running activities did not change but total distance and high-speed running distance decreased during the entire match (McCarrick et al, 2021;Rampinini et al, 2021;Wunderlich et al, 2021). Moreover, there was a reduction in HA for Serie A, but no change in HA for Serie B was reported in Brazilian Elite Soccer (Ribeiro et al, 2022). However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no investigation about the direct effects of absent crowds on match performance in the Asian football league.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Impact of absent crowds on technical and physical performances in the Chinese Soccer Super League

Chen

Zhai

et al. 2022

Front. Psychol.

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PurposeSpectators have a significant impact on match performances in soccer, but to what extent crowd support contributes to the technical and physical performances remains unclear. This study aimed to (1) investigate the differences in terms of technical and physical performances with and without spectators; and (2) identify the key factors differentiating between win and loss when playing with and without the presence of an audience.MethodsOur study examined 794 performance records from 397 matches during the 2019–2020 seasons in the Chinese Soccer Super League. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO)-logistic regression was utilized to select significant predictors. Using an independent t-test and the Mann–Whitney non-parametric test explores the difference between matches with and without spectators. Key factors between win and loss were explored using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses.ResultsOur study found that cross (p < 0.01, ES = −0.24), shots (p < 0.001, ES = −0.25), and shot accuracy (p < 0.05, ES = −0.18) displayed decreasing trends whereas sprint distances (p < 0.05, ES = 0.16) presented an increasing trend without spectators comparing with the crowd support. Moreover, the above three technical variables were the main factors differentiating between wins and losses. Similarly, team and opponent quality remained important potential factors affecting the match outcome.ConclusionMatch outcome or team performance is determined by a myriad of factors, but there are clear differences in technical and physical performances between matches with and without the presence of an audience. Similarly, our study provides a better explanation for the impact of crowd support on match performances whereby coaches can deploy players and adjust match strategies for ultimate success.

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Crowd social pressure in the Brazilian soccer league: testing home advantage and referees’ bias during the COVID-19 pandemic

Couto

Sayers

2022

International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology

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Did the Absence of Crowd Support During the Covid-19 Pandemic Affect the Home Advantage in Brazilian Elite Soccer?

Cited by 8 publications

References 27 publications

The Importance of Crowd Support and Team Quality to Home Advantage in Brazilian Soccer League First Division

The Importance of Crowd Support and Team Quality to Home Advantage in Brazilian Soccer League First Division

Impact of absent crowds on technical and physical performances in the Chinese Soccer Super League

Crowd social pressure in the Brazilian soccer league: testing home advantage and referees’ bias during the COVID-19 pandemic

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