Die Feinstruktur des Herzmuskels während einer Ischämie mit Senkung des Energiebedarfes durch spezielle Kardioplegie

Morphometric evaluation of volume shifts between intra‐ and extra‐cellular space before and during global ischemia

“…Mitochondria show loss of their matrix and cristae, as well as swelling, cellular edema, and alterations in the contraction state (Katz, 1973;Hearse et al, 1977;Pine et al, 1979;Poole-Wilson et al, 1979;Jennings and Reimer, 1981;Tranum-Jensen et al, 1981;Vanderwee et al, 1981;Schmiedl et al, 1989;Schnabel et al, 1990). The occurrence and degree of alterations depend on the method used for cardiac arrest (Bretschneider, 1964;Paulussen et al, 1968; leads to cardiac arrest in systole, combined with a modest ischemic tolerance and an early occurrence of cellular alterations (Bretschneider, 1964;Paulussen et al, 1968). Hypothermia and introduction of cardiac arrest by coronary perfusion with cardioplegic electrolyte solutions leads to a cardiac arrest in diastole.…”

“…leads to cardiac arrest in systole, combined with a modest ischemic tolerance and an early occurrence of cellular alterations (Bretschneider, 1964;Paulussen et al, 1968). Hypothermia and introduction of cardiac arrest by coronary perfusion with cardioplegic electrolyte solutions leads to a cardiac arrest in diastole.…”

“…Here, creatine phosphate is not used up. The decay of energy rich phosphates and the cellular alterations during ischemia take place in slow motion (Paulussen et al, 1968). Therefore, myocardial protection with cardioplegia leads to significantly better tolerance to ischemic stress (Bretschneider, 1964;Gebhard et al, 1987).…”

Myocardial Ultrastructure in Acute and Chronic Hypoxia

“…Mitia et al [56] considered that 4 h was the time limit of adequate cardiac preservation under conditions of hyperbaric oxygenation and deep hy pothermia. Changes similar to those described above were found in hearts preserved for up to 11 h at 5 °C by perfusion with an oxygenated solution of glucose, electrolytes and procaine [62]. Severe edema devel oped within minutes in hearts perfused in situ under mild hypothermia (28 °C) with an oxygenated solution of low molecular weight dextran [5]; less pronounced edema occurred in hearts perfused with whole blood for up to 90 min at 37 °C.…”

Preservation of cardiac myocytes subjected to different preconditions: A comparative morphometric study of beating, fibrillating, and cardioplegically arrested canine hearts

“…In open heart surgery, different methods of cardiac arrest are used. The degree of myocardial protection during the subsequent ischemia depends on the energetic and structural integrity of the heart (Paulussen et al, 1968;Bretschneider, 1980;Hearse et al, 1981;Hearse, 1988). Therefore, a knowledge of the structural preservation of myocytes after different forms of cardiac arrest without ischemic stress is useful.…”