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The article contains sections titled: 1. Structural Chemistry of Silicates 1.1. Structural Classification 1.2. Oligo‐ and Cyclosilicates 1.3. Polysilicates 1.4. Phyllosilicates 1.4.1. Monophyllosilicates 1.4.2. Diphyllosilicates 1.4.3. Alkali Silicates 1.4.4. Crystalline Silicic Acids 1.4.5. Clay Minerals 1.4.6. Intracrystalline Reactions 1.5. Tectosilicates 2. Natural Silicates 2.1. Feldspar 2.1.1. Structure and Composition 2.1.2. Characterization of Individual Feldspars 2.1.3. Production 2.1.4. Properties 2.1.5. Mineral Deposits and their Extraction 2.1.6. Processing and Quality Requirements 2.1.7. Uses and Economic Aspects 2.2. Nepheline and Related Compounds 2.3. Leucite 2.4. Olivine 2.5. Andalusite 2.6. Kyanite 2.7. Sillimanite 2.8. Mullite 2.9. Vermiculite 2.10. Perlite 2.11. Pumice 2.12. Basalt 2.13. Wollastonite 2.14. Toxicology 3. Alkali Silicates 3.1. Introduction 3.2. Raw Materials 3.3. Amorphous Anhydrous Alkali Silicates (Solid or Lump Glasses) 3.4. Silicate Solutions 3.5. Hydrated Water‐Soluble Silicates 3.6. Crystalline Solids 3.7. Uses and Applications 3.8. Economic Aspects 3.9. Storage, Safety, Labelling and Transportation 3.10. Analysis
The article contains sections titled: 1. Structural Chemistry of Silicates 1.1. Structural Classification 1.2. Oligo‐ and Cyclosilicates 1.3. Polysilicates 1.4. Phyllosilicates 1.4.1. Monophyllosilicates 1.4.2. Diphyllosilicates 1.4.3. Alkali Silicates 1.4.4. Crystalline Silicic Acids 1.4.5. Clay Minerals 1.4.6. Intracrystalline Reactions 1.5. Tectosilicates 2. Natural Silicates 2.1. Feldspar 2.1.1. Structure and Composition 2.1.2. Characterization of Individual Feldspars 2.1.3. Production 2.1.4. Properties 2.1.5. Mineral Deposits and their Extraction 2.1.6. Processing and Quality Requirements 2.1.7. Uses and Economic Aspects 2.2. Nepheline and Related Compounds 2.3. Leucite 2.4. Olivine 2.5. Andalusite 2.6. Kyanite 2.7. Sillimanite 2.8. Mullite 2.9. Vermiculite 2.10. Perlite 2.11. Pumice 2.12. Basalt 2.13. Wollastonite 2.14. Toxicology 3. Alkali Silicates 3.1. Introduction 3.2. Raw Materials 3.3. Amorphous Anhydrous Alkali Silicates (Solid or Lump Glasses) 3.4. Silicate Solutions 3.5. Hydrated Water‐Soluble Silicates 3.6. Crystalline Solids 3.7. Uses and Applications 3.8. Economic Aspects 3.9. Storage, Safety, Labelling and Transportation 3.10. Analysis
Aluminium-free layered silieate hydrates (metal silicate hydrates -M-SH) are an interesting supplement to the well-known zeolite-like porous materials, due to their large number of catalytic, adsorptive and ion-exehange properties. By means of a eombination of X-ray diffraction investigations and several thermo-analytic methods ('I"t3, DSC, TMA) it could be shown that the properties of magadiite will be influenced by the cations located in the interlayer and the morphology of the as-synthesized magadiite products. In particular, hydration behaviour and phase transformation behaviour of the magadiite will be affected. Thus, H-and Ce-magadiite are stable up to temperatures of about 800"C, while the as-synthesized Na-forms will loss water irreversible already at about 200"C, will be dehydroxylated, and will be decomposed structurally at about 400~
Tailor-made adsorbents and supports are attracting increasing interest for a wide range of advanced applications in the field of separation techniques and biotechnology. Silica gel silylated with chlorosilanes or alkoxysilanes is a well-established material in chromatography, biotechnology, and affinity separation processes. The surface of the silica gels is disordered, and complete surface coverage with silanes is not always achieved. Crystalline silicic acids from layered potassium silicates, similar to the minerals kenyaite or magadiite, are microcrystalline and their surfaces show a higher degree of regularity. They were modified with different alkyl methoxysilanes to evaluate the possibility of surface silylation. Binding of the silane molecules on surface silanol groups of the crystalline silicic acids was investigated by 29 Si MAS NMR spectroscopy. The total surface area was accessible to the silylating agents and almost all surface silanol groups reacted with these molecules. The derivatives contained micropores (between the layers and, possibly, within the layers) and mesopores.
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