Die Permeabilität der äußeren Bakterienmembran

Nikaido, Hiroshi

doi:10.1002/ange.19790910506

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…To circumvent this difficulty we at first used CV as an indicator for changes in the outer membrane structure caused by the action of nourseothricin. CV has been used for this purpose by several authors (ALEXANIAN et al 1974, VAARA and VAARA 1981, NIKAIDO 1979. Its action on the OM has been explained differently by different authors: ALEXANIAN et al (1974) suppose the positive charge of CV to be the main reason while both STAN-LOTTER et al (1979) and NIKAIDO (1979) additionally take into consideration the hydrophobicity of the CV molecule.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CV represents both a hydrophobic and a cationic dye. In the literature, the two properties, either separately or in combination, have been assumed to be responsible for its action on Gram-negative cell walls (ALEXANIAN et al , NIKAIDO 1979. In order to find out Charge = difference in percent adsorption to CM-and to DEAE-cellulose.…”

Section: Adsorption Of Dgferent Dyes By Sensitive and Resistant Bactementioning

confidence: 99%

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Resistance of Escherichia coli to nourseothricin (streptothricin): Reduced penetrability of the cell wall as an additional, possibly unspecific mechanism

Seltmann¹

1989

J. Basic Microbiol.

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The resistance of E. coli strains to the antibiotic nourseothricin is known to be caused by an acetyltransferase acetylating the beta-lysine chain of the antibiotic. In addition, most of the resistant strains exhibit reduced penetrability of the outer membrane, presumably caused by a reduced amount of available negative charges. This was shown using crystal violet, Congo red, or the hydrophobic antibiotic novobiocin as indicators.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Adsorption Of Dgferent Dyes By Sensitive and Resistant Bactementioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance of Escherichia coli to nourseothricin (streptothricin): Reduced penetrability of the cell wall as an additional, possibly unspecific mechanism

Seltmann¹

1989

J. Basic Microbiol.

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“…denitri-$cans [7,21] and that the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria is permeable for small hydrophilic molecules (cf. [22]). In this case the permeabilization could not lead to the increase in the rate of acceptor transport to the active site of the enzyme.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The function of cytoplasmic membrane of Paracoccus denitrificans in controlling the rate of reduction of terminal acceptors

Kučera¹,

Laučík²,

Dadák³

1983

European Journal of Biochemistry

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The rate of reduction of terminal acceptors (nitrate, nitrite, and oxygen) in anaerobically grown cells of Paracoccus denitrijicans increased on permeabilization of cytoplasmic membrane. It was proved that under aerobic conditions the increase of the rate of nitrate reduction was caused by: (i) the abolishment of the permeability barrier for nitrate, (ii) the enhancement of the influx of redox equivalents to the respiratory chain due to the stimulation of succinate dehydrogenase reaction, and (iii) the inhibition of electron flow to oxygen by endogenously formed nitrite.Nitrite inhibits oxygen reduction by its interaction with the terminal part of the respiratory chain (I5o = 15 pM) localized at the inner aspect of the cytoplasmic membrane. The distribution of nitrite between intact cells and the suspension medium follows the Nernst equation for monovalent anion. The possible physiological consequences of the low intracellular nitrite concentration are discussed.Bacteria of Paracoccus denitrificans growing anaerobically in the presence of nitrate form a respiratory chain enabling the utilization of four terminal acceptors: NO;, NO;, NzO, and 0 2 [1,2]. In the presence of more than one acceptor a preferential reduction of one of them can be observed; simultaneously the reduction of other acceptors is inhibited. Thus, the addition of oxygen results in an immediate block of nitrate consumption [3]; similarly, the reduction of nitrate is partly inhibited even by the utilization of endogenously originating or externally added NO; and N20 [4]. It has been proved by several independent methods that the above phenomena depend on the redox state of the components of the respiratory chain in the branching sites [4-61 and that they can be described as the competition of terminal branches for a constant limited influx of redox equivalents from dehydrogenases [4].There are, however, experimental results indicating that this simple description of the control of electron fluxes to the individual terminal acceptors need not be sufficient. It has actually been found that membrane vesicles [3] and/or cells treated with the detergent Triton X-100 [7] are capable of reducing nitrate even in the presence of oxygen. The reason of this behaviour has not been definitely elucidated yet (cf. discussion in [S]). The objective of the present paper, therefore was to clarify the connections between the permeability of the cytoplasmic membrane of P. denitrqicans and the rate of reduction of the terminal acceptors of 0 2 , NO;, and NO;. The results obtained give evidence of hitherto not considered regulatory mechanism. On the basis of it a more realistic concept of the control of denitrification processes in the bacterium P. denitrificans can be presented.Abbreviation. CF30PhzC(CN)2, carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone.Enzymes. Nitrate reductase (EC 1.7.99.4) ; nitrite reductase (cytochrome cdt ) (EC 1.7.2.1 ) ; succinate dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.99.1 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS Growth of bacteriaParacoccus denitrificans (NCIB 8944) w...

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“…For the bacterial cell, the outer membrane represents a permeation barrier giving protection to host defensive factors and also various antibiotics, which are known to be effective against Gram-positive bacteria (Nikaido, 1979;E1-Falaha, Russel & Furr, 1983;Nikaido & Vaara, 1985). Because the organization, stability and barrier function of the outer membrane seems to be essential for the integrity, growth and the survival of bacterial cells (Rietschel et al, 1987), it is clearly important to elucidate the transport properties of this membrane and its susceptibility against host defensive factors as well as drugs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstitution of the lipid matrix of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria as asymmetric planar bilayer

1989

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This paper is a report on the reconstitution of the lipid matrix of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria as an asymmetric planar bilayer. This is the first time that a planar membrane is described, which consists on one side of a phospholipid (PL) mixture and on the other side of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Therefore, strong emphasis is placed on a physical characterization of this membrane via its electrical properties. The membranes were prepared from spread monolayers or from vesicle-derived monolayers. Contrary to observations for symmetric phospholipid membranes, specific capacitances of (0.67 +/- 0.02) mu F.cm-2, breakdown voltages between 200 and 400 mV and specific conductances between 10(-8) and 2 x 10(-7) S.cm-2 were obtained independent of the preparation method. The LPS-containing membranes were stable up to 3 hr if they were formed and kept at temperatures above the hydrocarbon chain melting temperature of the LPS. For the specific capacitance, a dependence on the aperture radius was observed. This is explained by assuming a toroidal transition zone at the rim of the aperture. First results on the action of the pore-forming alpha-toxin from Staphylococcus aureus on bilayers of different composition demonstrate particular characteristics of this asymmetric bilayer system. The pore-formation rate is highest in symmetric phospholipid bilayers, considerably lower in asymmetric PL/LPS systems and fully inhibited in LPS/LPS systems.

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Die Permeabilität der äußeren Bakterienmembran

Cited by 12 publications

References 104 publications

Resistance of Escherichia coli to nourseothricin (streptothricin): Reduced penetrability of the cell wall as an additional, possibly unspecific mechanism

Resistance of Escherichia coli to nourseothricin (streptothricin): Reduced penetrability of the cell wall as an additional, possibly unspecific mechanism

The function of cytoplasmic membrane of Paracoccus denitrificans in controlling the rate of reduction of terminal acceptors

Reconstitution of the lipid matrix of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria as asymmetric planar bilayer

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