Die Struktur der AB‐Verbindungen der schweren Alkalimetalle mit Zinn und Blei

Hewaidy, I.F.; Busmann, E.; Klemm, Wilhelm

doi:10.1002/zaac.19643280511

Cited by 151 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The cations determine which of the possible structural motifs is formed. Among the alkali compounds of the type AB, four structural types have been found: NaSi, NaGe (70), KGe (71,72), and NaPb (73,74), which all contain isolated B� -tetrahedra that resemble the P 4 tetrahedron in white phosphorus. In compounds of the BaSi2 structure (68, 69) such B(IV)� -tetrahedra are realized too ( Figure 7).…”

Section: Zintl Phases With Oligomeric and Polymeric Isoanionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Problem of Polar Intermetallic Compounds: The Stimulation of E. Zintl's Work for the Modern Chemistry of Intermetallics

Schäfer¹

1985

Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci.

257

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Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci. 1985.15:1-42 About three quarters of all elements are metals or semimetals, which means more than half of all binary mixtures exist in the metallic state. As the binary and ternary systems of metals usually do not contain fewer compounds than those of nonmetals, one would guess that the chemistry of inter metallics would have at least the same significance in research and chemistry textbooks as that of compounds containing nonmetals. However, intermetallic chemistry remained beyond the scope of most chemists, even when intermetallic compounds had gained tremendous technical and economic importance. Their characterization was mainly performed by physicists and metallurgists, who concentrated their efforts on describing those properties essential to the technological use of these materials. The chemical characterization of these compounds is still incomplete. Our knowledge of the number of compounds possible in the systems, their chemical properties, and most important, the bonding mechanism in these phases is far less developed than in other chemical fields. This huge part of chemistry is-with few exceptions (2}-mostly summarized in a very general way, based on the classical concept of the metallic bond (1, 1a). There is no differentiation in classes of compounds, as has long been accepted in other fields of chemistry. This situation is 1 0084--6600/85/0801-0001$02.00 Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci. 1985.15:1-42 2 SCHAFER demonstrated best by the fact that, according to several authors, the word "compound" should not be used for intermetallic phases (3). These scientists feel that stoichiometric sharp compounds do not exist in these systems at all, and that some range of composition is always absolutely necessary to define a metallic phase. Chemically based valence rules, used in other classes of chemical compounds, were thought to be impossible (3). In contrast with this view, which mainly originated among the physical and metallurgical scientists, and which is surely valid for some families of i ntermeta lH cs, t h e ChemI st Ed uard Z intl set f orth a model based on chemical valences for at least some classes of intermetallics. Ionic and covalent bonds in intermetallic phases were a matter of course for Zintl, who believed in the cognition, especially valid for chemistry, that natura non facit saltus.Eduard Zintl was born" on January 21, 1898, in Weiden-in-der-Oberpfalz, Bavaria. He took his PhD at the University of Munich in 1923, as a co worker of Professor O. Honigschmid, who is famous for the accurate determination of the atomic weights of several elements. Two years later Zintl received the venia legendi for chemistry, as assistant of the chemical laboratories of the Bavarian Academy of Science. At that time he published the determination of several atomic weights, and analytical developments concerning potentiometric titrations. He left Munich in 1928 and, as a professor in Freiburg, began his work on intermetallic compounds. He was very successful in this field. With many publications to ...

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Section: Zintl Phases With Oligomeric and Polymeric Isoanionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Problem of Polar Intermetallic Compounds: The Stimulation of E. Zintl's Work for the Modern Chemistry of Intermetallics

Schäfer¹

1985

Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci.

257

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“…The overall Sn-Sn contacts inside the M 5 clusters (distances labeled a, b and c) range from 296 to 315 pm and are thus comparable to the bond lengths observed in electron precise Zintl phases (i.e. KSn: 298 pm [31,32]) or cluster compounds such as K 4 Sn 9 (293-335 pm, [33]). In accordance with the significantly smaller metallic radius of Ga (141.1 pm [34]) compared to Sn (162.3 pm), all bonds involving the M(2) site are shortened, but not in equal proportions, the decrease being most pronounced for the M (2)-M (3) bond c (314.7-309.5 pm).…”

Section: Stannides and Plumbidesmentioning

confidence: 71%

Novel barium triel/tetrelides with the structure type

Dürr

Schwarz

Wendorff

et al. 2010

Journal of Alloys and Compounds

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“…Both compounds form the ?/64 structure of NaPb [2] as shown by Hewaidy et al [3] from powder pattern, but detailed parameters were missing. The well-known structure type is characterized by two interpenetrating 3D frameworks of condensed M 4 Pb 4 (M = Rb, Cs) stellae quadrangulae (distorted heterocubanes [4]), hierarchically related to the CU2O structure [5].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The well-known structure type is characterized by two interpenetrating 3D frameworks of condensed M 4 Pb 4 (M = Rb, Cs) stellae quadrangulae (distorted heterocubanes [4]), hierarchically related to the CU2O structure [5]. The tetrahedranide anions Pb* J(Pb-Pb) = 3.098(4) A (Rb 4 Pb 4 ) rf(Pb-Pb) = 3.090(2) A (Cs 4 Pb 4 )) are connected via twofold μ 3 -bridging Μ1 atoms to 3 (1) 2. Tetracaesium feira/ierfro-tetraplumbide, Cs4Pb4 -υ η 0.0020(4) -0.0060(4) 0.0082 (4) …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crystal structure of tetrarubidium telra/zetfro-tetraplumbide, Rb4Pb4 and of tetracaesium tetrahedro-telraplumbide, Cs4Pb4

Baitinger

Peters

Somer

et al. 1999

Zeitschrift Für Kristallographie - New Crystal Structures

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= 0.084, wR(F) = 0.074, T= 293 K. Source of materialStoichiometric mixtures of the elements were heated up to 1273 Κ for 1 day and annealed at 573 Κ for one week (Nb container, welded at 30kPa Ar). Single phases (by X-ray diffraction) with silvery grey crystals were formed. The compounds are very sensitive against oxidation and hydrolysis and have to be handled under inert conditions. Lattice parameters were determined from Guinier-Simon powder patterns [1] with Si standard (X(CuiC a i) = 1.54051 A ; a(Si) = 5.4305 Ä). DiscussionBoth compounds form the ?/64 structure of NaPb [2] as shown by Hewaidy et al.[3] from powder pattern, but detailed parameters were missing. The well-known structure type is characterized by two interpenetrating 3D frameworks of condensed M 4 Pb 4 (M = Rb, Cs) stellae quadrangulae (distorted heterocubanes [4]), hierarchically related to the CU2O structure [5]. The tetrahedranide anions Pb* J(Pb-Pb) = 3.098(4) A (Rb 4 Pb 4 ) rf(Pb-Pb) = 3.090(2) A (Cs 4 Pb 4 )) are connected via twofold μ 3 -bridging Μ1 atoms to 3 (Ml4/2[Pb4]) substructures which are interconnected by 'interstitial' μ 2 -bridging M2 atoms. In total, 16 Μ atoms form cages around the tetrahedra with 3.824(3) d(Rb-Pb) 3.981(4) and 3.969(1) d{Cs-Pb) 4.133(2), respectively.

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Die Struktur der AB‐Verbindungen der schweren Alkalimetalle mit Zinn und Blei

Cited by 151 publications

References 8 publications

On the Problem of Polar Intermetallic Compounds: The Stimulation of E. Zintl's Work for the Modern Chemistry of Intermetallics

On the Problem of Polar Intermetallic Compounds: The Stimulation of E. Zintl's Work for the Modern Chemistry of Intermetallics

Novel barium triel/tetrelides with the structure type

Crystal structure of tetrarubidium telra/zetfro-tetraplumbide, Rb4Pb4 and of tetracaesium tetrahedro-telraplumbide, Cs4Pb4

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