“…Since pheromone production is not always synchronous with calling behavior, these seem to be two different traits that may be regulated differently. Male response to sex pheromone has been shown to occur at specific hours at night as well (e.g., Fatzinger, 1973;Castrovillo and Cardé, 1979;Haynes and Birch, 1986;Kawasaki, 1986;Rosen et al, 2003;Silvegren et al, 2005;Merlin et al, 2007), and usually coincides with female calling time (e.g., Cardé et al, 1975;Castrovillo and Cardé, 1979), although not always (e.g., Saario et al, 1970;Cardé et al, 1974;Kawasaki, 1986). The timing of male response is thus a third trait in moth sexual communication that may have its own genetic basis.…”