Diel rhythms in the volatile emission of apple and grape foliage

Survey of conspecific herbivore‐induced volatiles from apple as possible attractants for Pandemis pyrusana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

“…Data collected with pristine apple seedlings grown indoors showed that several compounds were unique to plants with herbivory . However, phenylacetonitrile has now been reported to be released at a low level from similar intact apple plants, and 2‐phenylethanol is clearly released by intact apple foliage …”

“…10 -12 However, phenylacetonitrile has now been reported to be released at a low level from similar intact apple plants, 41 and 2-phenylethanol is clearly released by intact apple foliage. 12,41 Field-grown plants (two-year-old wood) maintained at the USDA laboratory in Wapato, Washington, were used for volatile captures in our study and in the study by El-Sayed et al 13 The volatiles released from these apple plants are probably a more natural profile than those reported previously under protected conditions or with very young plants. 10,11 Plants in both studies experienced a range of environmental perturbations, including mild insect and pathogen infestations and nonspecific leaf damage likely from wind and abrasion.…”

Phytochemical variation in treetops: causes and consequences for tree-insect herbivore interactions

“…The phytochemical composition in trees can also strongly vary over time (Yamasaki and Kikuzawa 2003 ) and diurnal rhythms of, e.g., tree volatile emission (Clavijo McCormick et al 2014a ; Giacomuzzi et al 2017 ; Trowbridge et al 2014 ) as well as seasonal changes in carbon-based defence compounds were documented (Gripenberg et al 2007 ; Holeski et al 2012 ). The chronologically oldest branches in a tree, i.e., closest to the root crown will exhibit the youngest phenotype whereas the most distant shoots at the outer rim of the tree crown display the more mature phenotype.…”

“… ? P D Mid VOC None None Vallat et al ( 2005 ) Malus × domestica Diurnal rhythm Immature One C D VOC None None Giacomuzzi et al ( 2017 ) Malus × domestica Herbivory Immature Multiple C E VOC Epiphyas postvittana Parasitoid attraction Suckling et al ( 2012 ) Malus × domestica Drought Immature Multiple G E Phloridzin, phloretin, sugars Spodoptera littoralis Caterpillar feeding preference Gutbrodt et al ( 2012 ) Picea abies Genotype, environment, herbivory Mature Multiple C D Lower Phenolics Adelges spp., Sacchiphantes spp. Gall abundance Axelsson et al ( 2015 ) Pinus edulis Herbivory, season Mature Multiple F D Lower …”

Biogenic Volatile Compounds for Plant Disease Diagnosis and Health Improvement

“…In compared to air flow in open systems, closed-loop-stripping-analysis is a dynamic sampling method employing a closed system which minimizes air contaminants and increase its ability to traps low amount of volatiles. However, this method need solvent extraction step and is unable to detect compounds that their mass is below solvent mass such as methanol, carbon dioxide, acetaldehyde and ethanol ( Giacomuzzi et al, 2017 ). Some of dynamic sampling methods use adsorbent suitable for thermal desorption in GC.…”