Diesel exhaust particles induce local IgE production in vivo and alter the pattern of IgE messenger RNA isoforms.

Abstract

Diesel exhaust particles (DEP) have been implicated in the increased incidence of allergic airway disorders. We investigated the effects of DEP on localized immunoglobulin production by performing nasal challenges with varying doses of DEP and analyzing the local immune response in nasal lavages obtained before and after. A significant rise in nasal IgE but not IgG, IgA, IgM, or albumin was observed in subjects 4 d after challenge with 0.30 mg DEP, equivalent to exposure on an average Los Angeles day. Direct evidence for DEP-enhanced local production of IgE was that challenge increased the number of IgE-secreting cells in lavage fluid from < 1 in 2,000,000 to > 1 in 100,000 but did not alter the number of IgA-secreting cells. There was a concomitant increase in epsilon mRNA production in the lavage cells. Additionally, DEP altered the relative amounts of five different epsilon mRNAs generated by alternative splicing, mRNAs that code for different IgE proteins. These results show that DEP exposure in vivo causes both quantitative and qualitative changes in local IgE production. The implication is that natural exposure to DEP may result in increased expression of respiratory allergic disease. (J. Clin.

Emissions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitro-PAHs from heavy-duty diesel vehicles with DPF and SCR

“…Diesel exhaust has been of concern for many decades due to its health effects and climate impact (Diaz-Sanchez et al, 1994). The emission standards for diesel engines have become more and more stringent since the 1980s.…”

Airway inflammation following exposure to diesel exhaust: a study of time kinetics using induced sputum

“…In experimental chamber studies, DE has been shown to cause airway symptoms [13] and to induce an acute inflammatory response in human airways as reflected in bronchoalveolar lavage [14,15] and bronchial biopsy [16] samples. Further, local nasal challenge with DE particles has been reported to enhance immunoglobulin E production in the nose [17] and to cause an increased cytokine response in the nose of allergic subjects [18].…”

Effect of maternal exposure to ozone on reproductive outcome and immune, inflammatory, and allergic responses in the offspring

“…Early studies by Matsumura (1970) and Osebold et al (1980) showed that ozone exposure enhanced allergic type immune responses in guinea pigs and mice. Later experiments in mice showed that inhalation of fresh DE or intrapulmonary instillation of DE particles (DEP) caused adjuvant activity resulting in increased sensitization to experimental allergens (Muranaka et al, 1986;Takano et al, 1998;Takahashi et al, 2010), although similar effects were also shown in humans (Diaz-Sanchez et al, 1994;Zhang et al, 2009). In terms of exposures during pregnancy, it is well-established that in utero exposure to cigarette smoke can have profound effects on reproductive health, childhood obesity, type 2 diabetes, allergic airway symptoms, and cancer (Doherty et al, 2009;Tsai et al, 2010).…”