Diesel Fuel Ignition Quality as Determined in the Ignition Quality Tester (IQT) - Part II

Allard, Luc N.; Hole, Norman J.; Webster, Gary D.; Ryan, Thomas W.; Ott, Dale; Beregszazy, Andrew; Fairbridge, Craig; Cooley, Jean; Mitchell, Ken; Richardson, E. Keith; Elliot, Nigel G.; Rickeard, David J.

doi:10.4271/971636

Cited by 36 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Combustion analysis by IQT requires just 100 mL of the sample and we could prepare 2RTHF on this scale. It has already been shown that these two CN evaluations correlate well (Allard et al, ; Wilson III, ; Yanowitz et al, ), and so for the purposes of the comparative discussion below, CN and DCN are assumed equivalent.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Potential Vegetable‐Based Diesel Fuels from Perkin Condensation of Furfuraldehyde and Fatty Acid Anhydrides

Baldwin

Davis

Hughes

et al. 2019

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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Domestically produced biofuels may help to reduce dependence on imported oil for powering transportation and infrastructure in the future. In this report, we reacted medium-chain and long-chain fatty anhydrides (capric, caprylic, lauric, and palmitic) with furfuraldehyde by the Perkin condensation to produce 2-n-alkenylfurans. In the second step, the 2-n-alkenylfurans were hydrogenated to form 2-n-alkyltetrahydrofurans. Basic fuel property testing (melting point, density, kinematic viscosity, derived cetane number, and calorific value) of the 2-nalkyltetrahydrofurans indicates they are potentially useful as fuels for diesel engines. The mixture composed of 2-octyl-and 2-decyltetrahydrofuran had the best combination of fuel properties including a low melting point (−39 C), high cetane number (63.1), high flash point (98.2 C), and low viscosity (2.26 mm 2 s −1 , 40 C), which compares favorably with specifications for diesel #2 and biodiesel.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Potential Vegetable‐Based Diesel Fuels from Perkin Condensation of Furfuraldehyde and Fatty Acid Anhydrides

Baldwin

Davis

Hughes

et al. 2019

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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“…Though such procedures are historically related to diesel applications, the use of this parameter for gas turbine applications is implemented based upon the fact that gas turbine fuels typically have DCN's within this range, and it is an empirical, well referenced (ASTM) method for comparing fuel autoignition propensity of distillate range materials related to fuel chemical functional composition. 40,41,42 Elemental H/C ratio is determined by the ASTM D5291 method. 43 Since the alternative fuels studied here contain essentially no aromatic fraction, in this case H/C ratio is weakly dependent on average molecular weight differences and cyclo/saturate paraffinic ratio.…”

Section: Jet Fuels and Combustion Property Targets (Cpt)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Global Combustion Properties with Simple Fuel Property Measurements for Alternative Jet Fuels

Won¹,

Veloo²,

Santner³

et al. 2014

50th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference

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Global combustion characteristics of one conventional jet fuel (JP-8) and four nonpetroleum alternative jet fuels (Shell Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (SPK), Sasol IsoParaffinic Kerosene (IPK), Hydrotreated Renewable Jet (HRJ Camelina and HRJ Tallow)) are experimentally examined. The ranking of the fully pre-vaporized global combustion characteristics of these five fuels has been hypothesized a priori based on the relative values for four fuel combustion property targets used in the formulation of surrogate jet fuel mixtures in recent studies by the authors. In order to validate a priori speculation, the pure chemical kinetic reactivities of these fuels have been compared by performing oxidation reactivity experiments in a high pressure flow reactor and fundamental flame measurements. The oxidation reactivity profile for Sasol IPK demonstrates no low temperature oxidative characteristic of the occurrence of active alkyl peroxy radical oxidation mechanisms, whereas the remaining jet fuels demonstrate extensive reactivity between 550 and 750 K. Despite sharing similar derived cetane numbers, Shell SPK shows the more pronounced low temperature reactivity compared to the other alternative jet fuels. Two fundamental flame measurements at near-limit condition, both extinction limits of diffusion flames and critical flame initiation radii of outwardly propagating premixed flames, were used to investigate differences chemical kinetic/transport coupled high temperature combustion behaviors. Strained extinction measurements identify the pronounced high reactivity of Shell SPK, whereas critical radius measurements exhibit the distinctive low reactivity of Sasol IPK. Additional analyses along with available literature measurements indicate that the proposed four fuel combustion property targets can be used to predict the relative pre-vaporized global combustion properties of the tested petroleumderived and alternative jet fuels. Finally, further detailed understanding and improvements on DCN and TSI determination methodologies, particularly for alternative jet fuels, are addressed as a prerequisite condition to better parameterizing the combustion property targets, thus improving the quantitative predictability of a provisional combustion property target (CPT) Index. The CPT index appears useful in screening the relative global combustion properties of real petroleum derived fuels, non-petroleum alternative fuels, and their mixtures.

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“…The acid-catalyzed synthesis process of 1,1-di-ethoxyethane (acetal), an important organic compound indicated as suitable "cetane number" (CN) "improvers" for diesel fuel [9][10][11], is the typical example of industrial process still carried out in the presence of strong liquid inorganic acids [12]. Although zeolites and functionalized silica (by addition of sulfonic acid groups) were found to catalyze many organic reactions [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21], only few articles have addressed the use of stable and selective solid-acid catalysts for the acetal manufacture instead of mineral acids [22,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diesel-fuel improver production via novel heterogenized solid-acid catalysts

Spadaro

Arena

Blasi

et al. 2010

Chemical Engineering Journal

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Diesel Fuel Ignition Quality as Determined in the Ignition Quality Tester (IQT) - Part II

Cited by 36 publications

References 4 publications

Potential Vegetable‐Based Diesel Fuels from Perkin Condensation of Furfuraldehyde and Fatty Acid Anhydrides

Potential Vegetable‐Based Diesel Fuels from Perkin Condensation of Furfuraldehyde and Fatty Acid Anhydrides

Characterization of Global Combustion Properties with Simple Fuel Property Measurements for Alternative Jet Fuels

Diesel-fuel improver production via novel heterogenized solid-acid catalysts

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