Diesel particulate filter regeneration mechanism of modern automobile engines and methods of reducing PM emissions: a review

Abstract

Diesel particulate filter (DPF) is considered as an effective method to control particulate matter (PM) emissions from diesel engines, which is included in the mandatory installation list by more and more national/regional laws and regulations, such as CHINA VI, Euro VI, and EPA Tier3. Due to the limited capacity of DPF to contain PM, the manufacturer introduced a method of treating deposited PM by oxidation, which is called regeneration. This paper comprehensively summarizes the most advanced regeneration technology, including filter structure, new catalyst formula, accurate soot prediction, safe and reliable regeneration strategy, uncontrolled regeneration and its control methods. In addition, due to the change of working conditions in the regeneration process, the additional emissions during regeneration are discussed in this paper. The DPF is not only the aftertreatment device but also can be combined with diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC), selective catalytic reduction (SCR) and exhaust recirculation (EGR). In addition, the impact of DPF modification on the original system of some old models has been reasonably discussed in order to achieve emission targets.

Effects of fuel composition and vehicle operating temperature on in vitro toxicity of exhaust emissions

“…DPF regeneration is a method of removing the accumulated PM from the filter material. 73 The present study demonstrated an apparent effect in the emissions and the toxicological endpoints with the active DPF regeneration event. During the active regeneration, the accumulated soot particulates are burned from the filter by adding excess fuel in the exhaust gas system, increasing the temperature to 600 °C, followed by a multi-fold increase in PM emissions.…”

“…The active regeneration event has been calculated to increase the overall particulate emissions from modern diesel vehicles and may lead to an underestimation of real-world PM emissions. 73 DPF regeneration events have also been associated with an increase in sulphur emissions, 74 , as seen in the results of Saarikoski et al , 2023. 36 Moreover, the recent light-duty vehicle emissions regulations do not include the emissions spikes during filter regeneration.…”

The combustion and emission improvements for diesel–biodiesel hybrid engines based on response surface methodology

“…This paper provides a better understanding of the relationship between EGR, biodiesel blending ratio, and load on the biodiesel engine, and provides a reference for future research on the parameters of biodiesel engines and the development of EGR systems. In future work, more engine parameters and more efficient and refined optimization methods will be considered (Zhang et al, 2023b).…”

Investigation into the Ideal Concoction for Performance and Emissions Enhancement of Jatropha Biodiesel-Diesel with CuO Nanoparticles Using Response Surface Methodology

“…Diesel engines are preferred because of their power production, availability of current technology, low operating costs, and dependability . Diesel engine exhaust in the atmosphere wreaks havoc on the ecosphere and creates a variety of health problems . Environmental degradation and global warming are brought on by inefficient combustion of fossil fuel combustion.…”