Diet Adherence among Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Concept Analysis

Abstract

Aim: To analyze the concept of diet adherence in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Background: Different healthcare providers widely use the concept of adherence. In the 1970s, the term compliance was commonly used as the patients' views on treatment decisions were neglected. With consideration of patients' perspectives in treatment choices and treatment management, the concept of "compliance" has been increasingly replaced by "adherence." Adhering to a healthy diet is very challenging among patients with T2DM, and empirical studies show a low adherence rate to a healthy diet. Methods: The Walker and Avant (2011) method of concept analysis was implemented. Scientific databases were probed for research articles in the English language published between 2010-2020 using the search terms: compliance, adherence, treatment adherence, diet adherence, T2DM, and concept analysis. Results: Diet adherence as a concept includes, following diet recommendations, self-monitoring, maintenance, and relapse prevention. Antecedents include motivation, understanding of diet recommendations, health beliefs, self-efficacy, goal setting, and social support. Consequences include overall health promotion, health-related quality of life, and improved disease-specific parameters such as lower body mass index, HbA1c, a better level of triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, non-HDL-cholesterol, and lower diastolic blood pressure. Diet adherence is frequently measured using the Perceived Dietary Adherence Questionnaire, Patient Diet Adherence in Diabetes Scale, the Compliance Praxis Survey-Diet, multiday food diaries, 24-hour recalls, and food frequency questionnaires. Conclusion: Adherence to a healthy diet for patients with T2DM is a primary determinant of management, but diet adherence is frequently inadequate. Poor diet adherence attenuates optimum expected outcomes; hence more research is needed to promote diet adherence.

Adherencia a las medidas higiénico dietéticas de adultos con diabetes mellitus de Asunción en 2022

“…El tratamiento medicamentoso y las acciones no farmacológicas como la dieta adecuada y los ejercicios físicos son (28) imprescindibles para el adecuado control de la diabetes . La Organización Mundial de la Salud define la adhesión como "el grado en que el paciente sigue las instrucciones del profesional de la salud, a medida que hay cambio de comportamiento, entendida como tomar la medicación, seguir la dieta y / o (12,16,20) cambiar el estilo de vida"…”

“…Existen diversos cuestionarios diseñados para evaluar los constructos que componen el tratamiento del diabético, sobre todo la alimentación sana, actividad física regular, medicación constante y autoanálisis de glucemia capilar. La mala adherencia a la dieta es comúnmente debida a la falta de comprensión, implementación y mantenimiento de motivación, (12) comprensión, creencias sobre la salud, autoeficacia y el apoyo social . Pero estos factores pueden variar en el tiempo y en cada región.…”

Laughter yoga as an enjoyable therapeutic approach for glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial

“…Previous studies have also found that individuals with type 2 diabetes had poor adherence to exercise and a healthy diet (10,11). It would be difficult to sustain lifestyle changes (12), and efforts toward lifestyle modifications have the potential to cause emotional distress.…”

Health to Eat: A Smart Plate with Food Recognition, Classification, and Weight Measurement for Type-2 Diabetic Mellitus Patients’ Nutrition Control

“…As a result, an algorithm is required to make it easier for the system to recognize, compare, and study foods automatically using image data, so that differences between the foods to be consumed can be discovered [ 13 ]. At this time, it is undeniable that information technology is rapidly evolving and tends to aid humans in completing tasks more quickly and efficiently [ 14 ]. It is very possible to create a computation that can process information from an image or image for automatic object recognition in this all-digital era [ 15 ].…”