Diet and cancer prevention: Dietary compounds, dietary MicroRNAs, and dietary exosomes

Abstract

Cancer is one of main health public problems worldwide. Several factors are involved in beginning and development of cancer. Genetic and internal/external environmental factors can be as important agents that effect on emerging and development of several cancers. Diet and nutrition may be as one of important factors in prevention or treatment of various cancers. A large number studies indicated that suitable dietary patterns may help to cancer prevention or could inhibit development of tumor in cancer patients. Moreover, a large numbers studies indicated that a variety of dietary compounds such as curcumin, green tea, folat, selenium, and soy isoflavones show a wide range anti-cancer properties. It has been showed that these compounds via targeting a sequence of cellular and molecular pathways could be used as suitable options for cancer chemoprevention and cancer therapy. Recently, dietary microRNAs and exosomes have been emerged as attractive players in cancer prevention and cancer therapy. These molecules could change behavior of cancer cells via targeting various cellular and molecular pathways involved in cancer pathogenesis. Hence, the utilization of dietary compounds which are associated with powerful molecules such as microRNAs and exosomes and put them in dietary patterns could contribute to prevention or treatment of various cancers. Here, we summarized various studies that assessed effect of dietary patterns on cancer prevention shortly. Moreover, we highlighted the utilization of dietary compounds, dietary microRNAs, and dietary exosomes and their cellular and molecular pathways in cancer chemoprevention.

MicroRNA: A novel target of curcumin in cancer therapy

“…MiRNAs is known as one of important targets for curcumin. These molecules could affect numerous cellular and molecular targets (Banikazemi et al, ; Borujeni et al, ; Golabchi et al, ; Mirzaei, Khataminfar, et al, ; Rashidi, Hoseini, Sahebkar, & Mirzaei, ). It has been found that curcumin could change chemo‐resistance in cancer cells via changing expression of some miRNAs such as miR‐21, miR‐186, miR‐200c, and miR‐27a which might contribute to better treat (Table ).…”

Curcumin: A new candidate for retinal disease therapy?

“…Curcumin is a natural polyphenol agent, which is isolated from Curcuma longa L. Several curcumin‐based products (ie, capsules, energy drinks, tablets, cosmetics, ointments, and soaps) have been used as drug or spice in different areas such as China, USA, India, and South Africa for centuries . Given that curcumin shows a wide range of pharmacological effects including anti‐inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antiangiogenic activities .…”

Influenza vaccine: Where are we and where do we go?

“…MicroRNAs are small non‐coding RNAs which act as epigenetic regulators . These molecules play critical roles in regulation of gene expression in the RNA and protein levels . It has been shown that deregulation of microRNAs is associated with initiation and progression of various diseases such as infectious diseases, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, neurogenerative diseases, and cancer …”