Diet and exercise regimens to improve breast carcinoma prognosis

Stoll, Basil A.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19961215)78:12<2465::aid-cncr3>3.0.co;2-j

Cited by 27 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Another proposed hypothesis is related to insulin resistance [26]. It has been postulated that chronically elevated insulin level is associated with breast cancer [27], and it is known that obesity [28] and physical inactivity [29] are two of the main environmental determinants of insulin resistance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical activity and survival after breast cancer diagnosis: meta-analysis of published studies

2010

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Published data have shown that physical activity (PA) has a positive role on the primary prevention of breast cancer risk. However, the role of PA on breast cancer outcome has been controversial with inconsistent data. The lack of a meta-analysis that addresses that issue prompted the current report. A comprehensive literature search identified eight studies, of which two studies were excluded. The remaining six studies (12,108 patients with breast cancer) were included in this meta-analysis. Pre-diagnosis PA reduced all causes mortality by 18% but had no effect on breast cancer deaths. Post-diagnosis PA reduced breast cancer deaths by 34% (HR=0.66, 95% CI, 0.57-0.77, P<0.00001), all causes mortality by 41% (HR=0.59, 95% CI, 0.53-0.65, P<0.00001), and disease recurrence by 24% (HR=0.76, 95% CI, 0.66-0.87, P=0.00001). Breast cancer mortality was reduced by pre-diagnosis PA in women with body mass index (BMI)<25 kg/m2, while post-diagnosis PA reduced that risk among those with BMI≥25 kg/m2. On the other hand, post-diagnosis PA reduced all causes mortality regardless of the BMI. The analysis showed that post-diagnosis PA reduced breast cancer deaths (HR=0.50, 95% CI, 0.34-0.74, P=0.0005), and all causes mortality (HR=0.36, 95% CI, 0.12-1.03, P=0.06) among patients with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive tumor, while women with ER-negative disease showed no gain. The current meta-analysis provides evidence for an inverse relationship between PA and mortality in patients with breast cancer and supports the notion that appropriate PA should be embraced by breast cancer survivors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical activity and survival after breast cancer diagnosis: meta-analysis of published studies

2010

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“…Over the past two decades, studies on cancer prognosis and lifestyle factors have been conducted, but they were focused mainly on neoplasms of breast (6,(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26), larynx (27), lung (28), and oral cavity (26,29), as well as malignancies in the upper digestive tract (30). Over the past two decades, studies on cancer prognosis and lifestyle factors have been conducted, but they were focused mainly on neoplasms of breast (6,(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26), larynx (27), lung (28), and oral cavity (26,29), as well as malignancies in the upper digestive tract (30).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Dietary, Drinking, and Smoking Habits on the Prognosis of Gastric Cancer

Huang¹,

Tajima²,

Hamajima³

et al. 2000

Nutrition and Cancer

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Although it has been clarified that dietary, drinking, and smoking habits contribute to the onset of gastric cancer, little is known about their impact on prognosis of gastric cancer. To examine this question, a prognostic analysis was conducted using data from Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute and Hospital. From January 1988 to December 1994, information on 877 gastric cancer patients (578 men and 299 women) regarding habitual smoking and drinking, food consumption, histological grade, and clinical stage of tumor as well as follow-up results were collected. Survival status of all patients was followed up until December 1998, and the survival function was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Proportional hazard analysis was used to test the effect of each lifestyle item on gastric cancer death. After controlling for age, gender, histological grade, and stage of disease, hazard ratios (HR) were calculated. Values for consumption of raw vegetables [HR = 0.74, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.56-0.98], tofu (HR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.42-0.99), and chicken meat (HR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.39-0.95) more than three times per week demonstrated significantly decreased risk. However, the risk ratio was 2.53 (95% CI = 1.22-5.29) for habitual smokers, and an inverse dose-response relationship was also found between ever smoking and gastric cancer patient survival. Therefore, this study suggested that frequent intake of raw vegetables and tofu is favorable, whereas habitual smoking is an adverse prognostic factor for gastric cancer. Our study implies that an improvement of survival of Japanese gastric cancer might be achieved by lifestyle improvement.

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“…It is concluded that nutritional and lifestyle modifications that improve insulin sensitivity may not only decrease the tendency to atherosclerosis, but also reduce breast cancer risk in women (33). Insulin resistance may be a marker of increased breast cancer risk, and trials of an increased n‐3:n‐6 PUFA ratio in the diet, together with regular physical exercise, have been proposed against both conditions (4).…”

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confidence: 99%